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191.
Two studies tested the effect of humor, embedded in learning materials, on task interest. College student participants (N
Study 1 = 359, N
Study 2 = 172) learned a new math technique with the presence or absence of humor in the learning program and/or test instructions.
Individual interest in math was measured initially and also tested as a factor. The results showed that the effect of humor
in the learning program depended on individual interest in math. Humor raised task interest for those with low individual
interest in math but slightly lowered task interest for those with high individual interest in math. Mediating variables of
this effect were tested across both studies. Although the mediating variables showed inconsistency, humor may affect task
interest through affective responses immediately following the instruction, rather than in subsequent interaction with the
task. 相似文献
192.
193.
Michael M. Steele Amanda S. Lochrie Michael C. Roberts 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):103-115
Often the burden of identifying children with behavioral or developmental problems is left up to the primary care physician
(PCP). However, previous literature shows that PCPs consistently underidentify children with developmental/behavioral problems
in pediatric primary care. For the current study, questionnaires containing three vignettes followed by questions addressing
common psychosocial problems, general questions about their practice and training, and the Physician Belief Scale were distributed
to physicians. Results indicated that physicians were better at identifying severe problems, had more difficulty identifying
psychosocial problems with mild symptomatology, and tended to refer to a medical specialist or mental health professional
more often for severe problems, depression or a developmental problem. Physicians tended to view treating psychosocial problems
favorably. 相似文献
194.
This study’s purpose was to use confirmatory factor analysis to compare published factor-analytic models of the 20-item Purpose in Life test (PIL) to identify the one that provides the best fit to the data. To date many different models have been described, with limited evidence to support whether they are replicable. This study utilized data from undergraduates (N = 620) from a medium-sized university located in the southern United States. Ten different PIL models were tested, with support found for the two-factor model (exciting life, purposeful life) of Morgan and Farsides. Recommendations and implications for research are provided. 相似文献
195.
Françoise S. Maheu Mary Dozier Amanda E. Guyer Darcy Mandell Elizabeth Peloso Kaitlin Poeth Jessica Jenness Jennifer Y. F. Lau John P. Ackerman Daniel S. Pine Monique Ernst 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):34-49
Previous research findings have linked caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect with sensitivity to threatening cues. The present preliminary study investigated whether dysfunctions of the medial temporal lobe could underlie these associations. Using fMRI, we measured medial temporal lobe responses to emotional faces (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) among 30 youths. Eleven of the youths had a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. Attention states (i.e., attention to anger, fear, or physical attributes, or passive viewing) were systematically manipulated. Relative to comparison youths, youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect showed significantly greater left amygdala and left anterior hippocampus activation during the processing of threatening information. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate altered medial temporal lobe function during the processing of threat cues in youths with a history of caregiver deprivation and emotional neglect. 相似文献
196.
The purpose of the study was to investigate male college students in the southeastern United States to identify factors associated
with consumer masculinity behavior. The variables of self-esteem and media significance were tested as possible predictors
of consumer masculinity behavior. A total of 219 surveys were used as the sample for this study. Pearson correlation analysis
tested relationships among the variables, and linear regression was used to further test the nature of the relationships identified.
Results indicated that media significance and appearance-related self-esteem were significant predictors of consumer masculinity
behavior. Limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
197.
Sheila Garos Annette S. Kluck James K. Beggan Jeffrey Martindale Amanda Easton Wheeler Tammy Lowery Zacchilli 《Sex roles》2008,58(5-6):311-329
Temptation bias is the tendency to see oneself as better than others at resisting temptation. To understand the influence
of self-enhancement and gender stereotypes on temptation bias, 215 undergraduates from a university located in the southwest
region of the United States compared their ability to resist ten sexually tempting scenarios to that of others in general,
and to their romantic partner (Study 1). An additional 151 undergraduates from the same university rated their own or their partner’s ability to resist seven sexually
tempting scenarios compared to other men and women (Study 2). Results revealed that temptation bias was present but reduced when romantic partners were the comparison targets; and when
comparing themselves to others, women displayed temptation bias regardless of the gender of the referent while men displayed
temptation bias only when comparing themselves to men. 相似文献
198.
Woods DW Himle MB Miltenberger RG Carr JE Osmon DC Karsten AM Jostad C Bosch A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(2):237-245
Chronic tic disorders are characterized by involuntary motor and vocal tics, which are influenced by contextual factors. Recent research has shown that (a) children can suppress tics for brief periods of time, (b) suppression is enhanced when programmed reinforcement is provided for tic-free intervals, and (c) short periods of suppression do not result in a paradoxical "rebound" in tic frequency when active suppression has ceased. The current study extended existing research in three important ways. First, we examined whether tic suppression ability decreased as suppression duration increased from 5 to 25 to 40 min. Second, we examined post-suppression tic frequency to test whether longer periods of suppression were more likely to be associated with a rebound effect. Finally, we explored neuropsychological predictors of tic suppression. Thirteen children with Tourette syndrome or a chronic tic disorder completed the study. Results showed that (a) tic suppression was sustained for all of the suppression durations, (b) rebound effects were not observed following any of the suppression durations, and (c) ability to suppress was correlated with omission, but not commission errors on a continuous performance task. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
199.
This study hypothesized that perceived similarity significantly impacts depressed affect contagion only for individuals with highly interdependent self-construals. Baseline self-construal and affect were measured. Then, after reading a vignette about a depressed or nondepressed target, affect and perceived similarity were assessed. Participants reading the depressed vignette reported higher negative affect than participants reading the nondepressed vignette. Positive affect did not differ between the two conditions. For participants exposed to the depressed vignette, the hypothesized interaction between perceived similarity and interdependence significantly predicted positive affect. It appears that participants with more interdependent self-construals were more likely to "catch" the low positive affect displayed by the depressed target only if they perceived themselves as highly similar to the target. 相似文献
200.
Wysocki T Harris MA Buckloh LM Mertlich D Lochrie AS Taylor A Sadler M White NH 《Behavior Therapy》2008,39(1):33-46
We report a randomized trial of a revised Behavioral Family Systems Therapy for Diabetes (BFST-D) intervention. Families of 104 adolescents with diabetes were randomized to standard care (SC) or to 6 months of an educational support group (ES) or BFST-D. Family communication and problem-solving skills were assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 18 months by independent rating of videotaped family problem-solving discussions. BFST-D improved individual communication of adolescents and mothers, but not fathers. BFST-D significantly improved quality of family interaction compared to SC (10 of 12 comparisons) and ES (6 of 12 comparisons). Changes in family communication were differentially associated with changes in glycemic control, adherence, and family conflict. BFST-D improved family communication and problem solving relative to SC and modestly relative to ES. 相似文献