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901.
Raque-Bogdan TL Ericson SK Jackson J Martin HM Bryan NA 《Journal of counseling psychology》2011,58(2):272-278
Research shows a strong link between adult attachment and mental and physical health, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships. The present study examined self-compassion and mattering, two constructs from positive psychology literature, as potential mediators. Using survey data from a sample of 208 college students, relationships among attachment, self-compassion, mattering, and functional health were explored. Correlational analyses indicated that attachment anxiety and avoidance were strongly related to the mental health component of functional health. Mediation analyses indicated that mattering and self-compassion mediated the relationships between attachment orientation (i.e., levels of avoidance and anxiety) and mental health. These findings suggest that individuals' abilities to be kind toward themselves and their sense of belonging and being important to others are pathways through which attachment orientation relates to mental health. 相似文献
902.
Susanne M. Jaeggi Barbara Studer-Luethi Martin Buschkuehl Yi-Fen Su John Jonides Walter J. Perrig 《Intelligence》2010,38(6):327-635
We have previously demonstrated that training on a dual n-back task results in improvements in fluid intelligence (Gf) as measured by matrix reasoning tasks. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms of this transfer effect in two studies, and we evaluated the transfer potential of a single n-back task. In the first study, we demonstrated that dual and single n-back task performances are approximately equally correlated with performance on two different tasks measuring Gf, whereas the correlation with a task assessing working memory capacity was smaller. Based on these results, the second study was aimed on testing the hypothesis that training on a single n-back task yields the same improvement in Gf as training on a dual n-back task, but that there should be less transfer to working memory capacity. We trained two groups of students for four weeks with either a single or a dual n-back intervention. We investigated transfer effects on working memory capacity and Gf comparing the two training groups' performance to controls who received no training of any kind. Our results showed that both training groups improved more on Gf than controls, thereby replicating and extending our prior results. 相似文献
903.
Two studies tested the effect of humor, embedded in learning materials, on task interest. College student participants (N
Study 1 = 359, N
Study 2 = 172) learned a new math technique with the presence or absence of humor in the learning program and/or test instructions.
Individual interest in math was measured initially and also tested as a factor. The results showed that the effect of humor
in the learning program depended on individual interest in math. Humor raised task interest for those with low individual
interest in math but slightly lowered task interest for those with high individual interest in math. Mediating variables of
this effect were tested across both studies. Although the mediating variables showed inconsistency, humor may affect task
interest through affective responses immediately following the instruction, rather than in subsequent interaction with the
task. 相似文献
904.
Jack Martin 《New Ideas in Psychology》2010,28(2):219-226
Two conditions for a potentially viable pluralism, based on recent interpretations of the work of George Herbert Mead, are discussed: (1) a shared conception of the psychological person acting in the biophysical and sociocultural world, and (2) a willingness to engage across differing sub-disciplinary perspectives. Even with these conditions in place, any such pluralism still faces significant challenges in avoiding ever-present challenges of creeping imperialism and interdisciplinary gloss. 相似文献
905.
Christian Klesse Mathias Berger Isaac Bermejo Tom Bschor Jochen Gensichen Timo Harfst Martin Hautzinger Carsten Kolada Christine Kühner Jürgen Matzat Christoph Mundt Wilhelm Niebling Rainer Richter Henning Schauenburg Holger Schulz Frank Schneider Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Martin Härter Dipl.-Psych. 《Psychotherapeut》2010,55(3):247-263
Depressive disorders are among the most frequent reasons for utilizing the health care system. Despite the availability of efficacious treatments and further advances throughout the last years, there is still a need for improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A promising approach is the implementation of evidence- and consensus-based guidelines. The German “Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression” are evidence- and consensus-based clinical practise guidelines for patients with unipolar depression. All relevant stakeholders have been involved in its development and have passed the final version at the end of 2009 to foster compliance throughout. The available evidence allows the derivation of differentiated treatment recommendations, also with regard to concomitant antidepressant medication or as alternative treatment options. In acute therapy watchful waiting over 14 days is recommended for mild depression and psychotherapy after persistence of symptoms. In cases of moderate depression, psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are equally recommended, in cases of severe depression a combination of both is recommended. 相似文献
906.
907.
Martin D. Coleman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):121-134
The influence of prior, irretrievable, investment (sunk cost) on commitment to medical treatment was investigated. Three studies
were run investigating the influence of sunk cost in the form of money, time, and effort. A total of 637 participants (314
male) with a mean age of 19.58 years were recruited from an undergraduate population. A computer program simulated the process
of arranging a course of physiotherapy. Participants invested one of three amounts of sunk cost (under budget, on budget,
or over budget) into arranging sessions with a chiropractor. Participants then decided how much time they wished to commit
to these chiropractor sessions or to an alternative treatment with a better chance of success. Results revealed a significant
effect of invested money, a significant effect of invested effort, but no effect of invested time. Invested money produced
a sunk cost effect, while invested effort appeared to exert influence via cognitive dissonance. The implications for healthcare
decision-making are discussed. 相似文献
908.
Church BA Krauss MS Lopata C Toomey JA Thomeer ML Coutinho MV Volker MA Mercado E 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(6):862-868
Children with autism spectrum disorder process many perceptual and social events differently from typically developing children,
suggesting that they may also form and recognize categories differently. We used a dot pattern categorization task and prototype
comparison modeling to compare categorical processing in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and matched
typical controls. We were interested in whether there were differences in how children with autism use average similarity
information about a category to make decisions. During testing, the group with autism spectrum disorder endorsed prototypes
less and was seemingly less sensitive to differences between to-be-categorized items and the prototype. The findings suggest
that individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are less likely to use overall average similarity when forming
categories or making categorical decisions. Such differences in category formation and use may negatively impact processing
of socially relevant information, such as facial expressions. A supplemental appendix for this article may be downloaded from
http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
909.
Michael M. Steele Amanda S. Lochrie Michael C. Roberts 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):103-115
Often the burden of identifying children with behavioral or developmental problems is left up to the primary care physician
(PCP). However, previous literature shows that PCPs consistently underidentify children with developmental/behavioral problems
in pediatric primary care. For the current study, questionnaires containing three vignettes followed by questions addressing
common psychosocial problems, general questions about their practice and training, and the Physician Belief Scale were distributed
to physicians. Results indicated that physicians were better at identifying severe problems, had more difficulty identifying
psychosocial problems with mild symptomatology, and tended to refer to a medical specialist or mental health professional
more often for severe problems, depression or a developmental problem. Physicians tended to view treating psychosocial problems
favorably. 相似文献
910.
This study’s purpose was to use confirmatory factor analysis to compare published factor-analytic models of the 20-item Purpose in Life test (PIL) to identify the one that provides the best fit to the data. To date many different models have been described, with limited evidence to support whether they are replicable. This study utilized data from undergraduates (N = 620) from a medium-sized university located in the southern United States. Ten different PIL models were tested, with support found for the two-factor model (exciting life, purposeful life) of Morgan and Farsides. Recommendations and implications for research are provided. 相似文献