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791.
Two experiments were conducted to assess whether responses to helpers who used insensitive emotional support vary as a function
of the interaction between sex of participant and helper. We hypothesized that women would evaluate an insensitive female
helper and her behavior more negatively than they would an insensitive male helper. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 137) read conversations in which male or female helpers sought to comfort emotionally distressed friends. In Experiment
2, participants (N = 87) engaged in face-to-face interactions in which they were comforted by either a male or female helper who used insensitive
comforting messages. Overall, the results imply that women with deficient emotional support skills may be at high risk of
rejection by same-sex peers.
A preliminary report of Experiment 1 was presented at the biennial meeting of the International Association for Relationship
Research, Madison, WI, July, 2004. 相似文献
792.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of workload history (specifically sudden workload shifts) on performance.
A sample of 204 undergraduates was randomly assigned to either a sudden decrease or increase in workload condition. Participants
simultaneously performed a memory search task (i.e., primary task) and an auditory vigilance task (i.e., distracter task),
while percent correct was recorded. Separate Repeated Measures ANOVA’s revealed a significant treatment effect for the Medium
to Low (F(l, 110) = 274.6, p < .01) and Low to Medium (F(l,92) = 148.3, p < .01) conditions. Results supported previous research suggesting that either a sudden decrease (Medium to Low) or increase
(Low to Medium) in workload could be detrimental to performance (Cox-Fuenzalida, 2000). More importantly, this study extends
the detrimental effects of workload history to a dual task environment.
The authors express their gratitude to the research team from the Personality and Human Performance Lab at the University
of Oklahoma for their invaluable assistance in data planning and collection. 相似文献
793.
Jeffrey S. Neuschatz Elizabeth L. Preston Amanda D. Burkett Michael P. Toglia James M. Lampinen Joseph S. Neuschatz Andrew H. Fairless Deah S. Lawson Rchael A. Powers Charles A. Goodsell 《Applied cognitive psychology》2005,19(4):435-453
Two studies examined the effects of post‐identification feedback, age, and retention interval on participants' memories and beliefs about memories for a videotaped event, as captured by a store surveillance camera. After viewing the video, they were then asked to identify the suspect from a target‐absent photo line‐up. After making their identification, some participants were given information suggesting that their identification was correct, while others were given no information about the accuracy of their identification. In both experiments participants who received confirming feedback indicated they were more confident in their identification, paid more attention to the video, and that they were more willing to testify in court than those who received no feedback. The confidence inflation effects of post‐identification feedback did not vary with retention interval or age. These results are consistent with a position focusing on accessibility, which suggests that witnesses have little or no retrievable recollection of how sure they were at the time of their identification. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
794.
An intervention facilitated 3-month-old infants' apprehension of objects either prior to (reach first), or after (watch first) viewing another person grasp similar objects in a visual habituation procedure. Action experience facilitated action perception: reach-first infants focused on the relation between the actor and her goal, but watch-first infants did not. Infants' sensitivity to the actor's goal was correlated with their engagement in object-directed contact with the toys. These findings indicate that infants can rapidly form goal-based action representations and suggest a developmental link between infants' goal directed actions and their ability to detect goals in the actions of others. 相似文献
795.
Adam?B.?LewinEmail author Gary?R.?Geffken Amanda?D.?Heidgerken Danny?C.?Duke Wendy?Novoa Laura?B.?Williams Eric?A.?Storch 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(4):315-322
The Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC) assesses supportive and non-supportive parental behavior specific to diabetes
management via parent and child reports. The DFBC was administered to 133 children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers.
Subsequent analysis verified the two-factor structure of the DFBC corresponding to positive and negative support behaviors.
Internal consistency was high for DFBC scores. Moderate to strong correlations with other measures of diabetes-specific familial
behaviors, adherence, and metabolic control support the validity of the DFBC. Clinical application of the DFBC is discussed. 相似文献
796.
Levey S 《Perceptual and motor skills》2004,99(2):445-462
The goal of this study was to examine whether listeners bilingual in Spanish and English would have difficulty in the discrimination of English vowel contrasts. An additional goal was to estimate the correlation between their discrimination and production of these vowels. Participants (40 bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking and 40 native monolingual English-speaking college students, 23-36 years of age) participated (M age = 25.3 yr., Mdn = 25.0). The discrimination and production of English vowels in real and novel words by adult participants bilingual in Spanish and English were examined and their discrimination was compared with that of 40 native monolingual English-speaking participants. Stimuli were presented within triads in an ABX paradigm. Novel words were chosen to represent new words when learning a new language and to provide a more valid test of discrimination. Bilingual participants' productions of vowels were judged by two independent listeners to estimate the correlation between discrimination and production. Discrimination accuracy was significantly greater for native English-speaking participants than for bilingual participants for vowel contrasts and novel words. Significant errors also appeared in the bilingual participants' productions of certain vowels. Earlier age of acquisition, absence of communication problems, and greater percentage of time devoted to communication contributed to greater accuracy in discrimination and production. 相似文献
797.
The influence of structure and age on sequence learning was investigated by testing 24 young and 24 older participants for 10 sessions in an alternating serial response time task in which pattern trials alternated with random trials. Individuals encountered lag-2 or lag-3 structure, and learning was measured by the difference (in response time and accuracy) between pattern and random trials. Both ages learned lag-2 structure, but the young learned more than the older participants. Only the young people learned lag-3 structure, and they did so more slowly and to a lesser degree than they learned lag-2 structure. These age deficits in higher order sequence learning after extended practice are consistent with simultaneity theory and with theories positing that age-related deficits in neuromodulation lead to less distinctive representations. 相似文献
798.
Butler KM McDaniel MA Dornburg CC Price AL Roediger HL 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2004,11(5):921-925
The relationship of neuropsychological measures of frontal lobe function to age differences in false recall was assessed using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott associative false memory paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). As other studies have found, older adults were less likely to correctly recall studied items and more likely to falsely recall highly related but nonpresented items than were younger adults. When older adults were divided based on a composite measure of frontal lobe functioning, this age difference was found only for low frontal lobe functioning individuals. High frontal lobe functioning older adults and young adults had equivalent levels of false recall, as well as equivalent levels of veridical recall. These results suggest that age differences in memory may be due to declines in frontal lobe function. More important, our findings indicate that declines in veridical recall and increases in false recall are not an inevitable consequence of aging. 相似文献
799.
Past research provides conflicting evidence regarding whether aggressive youth have problems in the domain of friendship. The current study tested whether being disliked by peers exacerbates the negative effects of aggression on friendship and whether being perceived as popular by peers mitigates these damaging effects. Participants were 607 third-, fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade students. Support for the hypothesis that being disliked or being perceived as popular would moderate relations between aggression and friendship adjustment was found for the association between relational aggression and friendship conflict. Specifically, relational aggression was associated with having conflictual friendships for youth who were disliked but not for youth who were perceived as popular. In addition, similarity between friends was found in terms of how aggressive youth were as well as in terms of how disliked they were and how popular they were perceived to be. Implications for the well-being and development of aggressive youth are discussed. 相似文献
800.
The psychological approach to human voluntary movements advocated by F. Mechsner (2004) can be aligned with the view that motor commands are generated afresh but are not retrieved from memory. This movement-generation hypothesis gains indirect support in the findings Mechsner reviewed and obtains more direct support from the results of studies of memory for movement and computational modeling of motor planning. 相似文献