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991.
992.
This study set out to examine the experiences of stress in ministry among a sample of Anglican clergy serving in Wales. Building
on recent quantitative studies of work-related psychological health among Anglican clergy in England, the study employed mainly
qualitative methods to illustrate eight issues: the clergy’s overall assessment of their present health, their understanding
of the characteristics of stress, their assessment of the levels of symptoms of stress within their own lives, their identification
of the causes of stress within their experience of ministry, the people on whom they call for support in times of stress,
their strategy for and styles of recreation, their assessment of the pastoral care provision available to clergy, and their
views on enhancing initial clergy training to equip clergy to cope with stress. Data provided by 73 clergy (10 female and
63 male) portray a group of professionally engaged men and women who are well aware of the stress-related dynamics of their
vocation, who are displaying classic signs of work-overload, and who are critical of and resistant to strategies that may
confuse the pastoral care of stressed clergy with the accepted management role of the Church’s hierarchy of bishops and archdeacons. 相似文献
993.
Tan JC Maranzan KA Boone M Vander Velde J Levy S 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2012,42(2):210-216
Analysis of calls made to a northern Canadian Inuit crisis line in the territory of Nunavut between 1991 and 2001 revealed that the majority of users were adult females who called to discuss problems primarily related to relationships and loneliness/boredom. Younger callers tended to make prank calls. The volunteer staff used mostly empathetic listening and suggestions. Referral recommendations made were primarily to social services. Although some callers experienced a language barrier, others found the service to be helpful. Results suggest that the crisis line was underused by young Inuit males who represent a group that are most in need of crisis intervention. 相似文献
994.
995.
Jose Perez Amanda Venta Sarah Garnaat Carla Sharp 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(3):393-404
Research suggests that difficulties in emotion regulation are an important correlate of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adults. Research examining this link in adolescents is limited by the lack of comprehensive instruments to assess difficulties in emotion regulation. Against this background, the aims of the current study were to (a) confirm the six-factor structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 253?C263, 2004) in a sample of adolescent inpatients (N?=?218); (b) explore the relation between different aspects of emotion dysregulation and lifetime NSSI while controlling for psychopathology and sex; and (c) assess the clinical utility of the DERS in detecting lifetime NSSI status. Fit indices obtained through Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the six-factor structure of the DERS fit the data adequately and that most items loaded strongly on their respective latent factor. All six latent factors were significantly correlated with each other, with the exception of lack of emotional awareness and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavioral when distressed. Regression analyses revealed that only the limited access to emotion regulation strategies subscale accounted for a significant portion of the variance in NSSI when controlling for other aspects of emotion dysregulation, sex, and psychopathology. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis indicated that the DERS limited access to emotion regulation strategies subscale score has moderate diagnostic accuracy in detecting the presence of NSSI. The optimal cut-off score was 21.5 when detecting NSSI among inpatient adolescents. Results provide further support for the relation between emotion regulation difficulties and NSSI. The DERS appears to be a useful measure of detecting NSSI in clinical samples of adolescents. 相似文献
996.
Taylor MK Padilla GA Stanfill KE Markham AE Khosravi JY Ward MD Koehler MM 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2012,15(1):85-96
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are anabolic prehormones involved in the synthesis of testosterone. Both have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects during stress. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind field study, we examined the effects of a 12-day DHEA regimen on stress indices in military men undergoing survival training. Forty-eight men were randomized to either a DHEA treatment group or placebo control group. The treatment group received 50 mg of oral DHEA supplementation daily for 5 days during classroom training followed by 7 days of 75 mg during stressful field operations. Control subjects received identical placebo pills. Salivary assays (DHEA[S], testosterone, and cortisol) were conducted at four time points: distal pre-stress (T1), proximal pre-stress (T2), mock-captivity stress (T3), and 24 h recovery (T4). Subjective distress was also assessed at T1, T3, and T4. As expected, DHEA treatment resulted in higher salivary concentrations of DHEA and DHEAS during daily living, mock-captivity stress, and recovery. Similar patterns were observed for salivary markers of anabolic balance: DHEA/cortisol, DHEAS/cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol concentration ratios. Despite notable time effects, no group differences emerged for subjective distress. A brief, low dose DHEA regimen yielded large increases in salivary DHEA(S) concentrations and enhanced anabolic balance throughout sustained military stress. These physiological changes did not extrapolate to subjective distress. 相似文献
997.
Historically, physicians have expressed concern about their patients’ risk of genetic discrimination, which has acted as a
barrier to uptake of genetic services. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is intended to protect
patients against employer and health insurance discrimination. Physicians’ awareness and knowledge of GINA has yet to be evaluated.
In 2009, we mailed surveys to 1500 randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Questions measured
physicians’ current knowledge of GINA and their level of concern for genetic discrimination. In total, 401 physicians completed
the survey (response rate 26.9%). Approximately half (54.5%) of physicians had no awareness of GINA. Of physicians who reported
basic knowledge of GINA, the majority were aware of the protections offered for group health insurance (92.7%), private health
insurance (82.9%), and employment (70.7%). Fewer physicians were aware of GINA’s limitations regarding life insurance (53.7%)
and long-term care insurance (58.8%). Physicians demonstrated highest levels of concern for health insurance, life insurance,
and long-term care insurance discrimination, with less concern for employer and family/social discrimination. Level of concern
for the risk of genetic discrimination did not correlate significantly with awareness of GINA. Approximately 17 months after
GINA was signed into federal law, physicians’ knowledge remained limited regarding the existence of this legislation and relevant
details. Physicians who are aware of GINA continue to have significant concerns regarding the risk of genetic discrimination.
This study reveals the need to further educate physicians about the existence of GINA and the protections offered. 相似文献
998.
Predicting the actions of others is critical to smooth social interactions. Prior work suggests that both understanding and anticipation of goal-directed actions appears early in development. In this study, on-line goal prediction was tested explicitly using an adaptation of Woodward's (1998) paradigm for an eye-tracking task. Twenty 11-month-olds were familiarized to movie clips of a hand reaching to grasp one of two objects. Then object locations were swapped, and the hand made an incomplete reach between the objects. Here, infants reliably made their first look from the hand to the familiarized goal object, now in a new location. A separate control condition of 20 infants familiarized to the same movements of an unfamiliar claw revealed the opposite pattern: reliable prediction to the familiarized location, rather than the familiarized object. This study suggests that by 11 months infants actively use goal analysis to generate on-line predictions of an agent's next action. 相似文献
999.
Recent work implicates a link between action control systems and action understanding. In this study, we investigated the role of the motor system in the development of visual anticipation of others' actions. Twelve-month-olds engaged in behavioral and observation tasks. Containment activity, infants' spontaneous engagement in producing containment actions; and gaze latency, how quickly they shifted gaze to the goal object of another's containment actions, were measured. Findings revealed a positive relationship: infants who received the behavior task first evidenced a strong correlation between their own actions and their subsequent gaze latency of another's actions. Learning over the course of trials was not evident. These findings demonstrate a direct influence of the motor system on online visual attention to others' actions early in development. 相似文献
1000.
Weight bias is evident among normal weight and obese individuals. This weight bias may be associated with comparisons to others, which may enhance feelings of self-worth. However, the ego-enhancing versus ego-diminishing influence of these evaluations may be moderated by the individual's weight status, and the strength of these effects may be moderated by gender. Eight-five participants completed the Implicit Associations Test, questionnaires assessing explicit weight bias, body image, and self-esteem, and height and weight assessments. Implicit weight bias was prevalent among all individuals, p < .001, and was associated with a more positive body image, ps < .05, and higher self-esteem, ps < .01, for thinner individuals but a more negative body image and lower self-esteem for heavier individuals. Gender moderation effects were not observed. It is arguably problematic that the positive benefits to normal weight individuals’ self-esteem and body image appear to come via negative comparisons with overweight individuals. 相似文献