放弃治疗后,以护理为主导的医学服务和人文关怀

剖析放弃治疗后死亡病案508例,分析放弃治疗的原因、疾病和形式,放弃治疗后护理工作存在的问题.提出在放弃治疗后,临床护理决策:对于护理工作发生的变化,应该提高认识,培养护理人员人文素质和法律意识,应该加强护理管理和规范,放弃治疗后,护理应该承担医学服务和人文关怀的主导作用.     

Mediating effects of negative emotions in parent–child conflict on adolescent problem behavior

Hierarchical regression analyses were used to study four types of negative emotions (rage, resentment, perceived threat, and self‐blame) as possible mediators of the effect of parent–child conflict on internalizing (psychosomatic symptoms and social withdrawal) and externalizing (violent aggression and deviance) behavior in 724 adolescents. After controlling for demographic variables, the results showed that for both parents conflict had a positive main effect on internalizing and externalizing behavior. Of the four types of negative emotions, rage was the strongest mediator to mediate the effect of conflict on violent aggression, and resentment was the strongest mediator to mediate the effect of conflict on psychosomatic symptoms, social withdrawal, and deviant behavior. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.     

变革型领导如何影响员工的工作结果：一个有中介的调节作用分析

本文通过对426名在职人员的调查,探讨了变革型领导对工作绩效与满意度的影响机制。最后采用SPSS 13.0和Lisrel 8.7 对数据进行多层级线性回归分析,并依据温忠麟等（2006）的统计步骤分析了有中介的调节作用,得到如下结果：（1）在控制了年龄、性别与任职年限之后,自我效能在变革型领导与工作绩效、工作满意度之间都起部分中介作用;（2）核心工作特征在变革型领导与工作绩效之间起调节作用,调节作用需要通过自我效能作为中介变量。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义。     

文科大学生自我同一性地位的实证研究

对文科大学生自我同一性地位进行实证研究。结果表明:文科大学生的自我同一性地位在年级间存在差异,大一阶段均数高于其他各年级,到大二阶段程度在不断降低,大三阶段逐渐回升,大四阶段又开始降低;自我同一性地位的性别差异研究显示,大一、大三女生自我同一性总体上高于男生;大二、大四男女生的三项指标均数差异不显著;从自我同一性地位频数分布数据上看,A-F地位与D-M地位居多。     

Factors affecting the involvement of teachers in guidance and counselling as a whole-school approach

This study explores factors affecting the involvement of regular secondary school teachers in the whole-school approach to guidance and counselling by interviewing 12 secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. Emerging themes include teachers' ownership of their role in student guidance and counselling, the alignment of their disposition with education policies, school missions and culture, and their philosophy in education. Findings of what these teachers are actually doing in guidance and counselling are presented. Implications for policy-makers, administrators and leaders for comprehensive guidance and counselling programmes are drawn from constraints that limit interviewees' full potential in assisting students.     

A cross-cultural study of reference point adaptation: Evidence from China,Korea, and the US

We examined reference point adaptation following gains or losses in security trading using participants from China, Korea, and the US. In both questionnaire studies and trading experiments with real money incentives, reference point adaptation was larger for Asians than for Americans. Subjects in all countries adapted their reference points more after a gain than after an equal-sized loss. When we introduced a forced sale intervention that is designed to close the mental account for a prior outcome, Americans showed greater adaptation toward the new price than their Asian counterparts. We offer possible explanations both for the cross-cultural similarities and the cross-cultural differences.     

VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS COGNITION: A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO SELF-UNDERSTANDING IN THREE MONOTHEIST CONTEXTS

This study considered representations of divine and human others in the self-understanding of monotheists from three religions. Self-understanding was conceptualized on the basis of semantic and episodic knowledge in narrative response data. Given the importance of social context in the formation of cognitive schemas, the project emphasized self-understanding in a comparative religious design. The sample included sixty nominated religious exemplars who responded to a structured interview. Schemas were subsequently mapped for Jews, Muslims, and Christians by comparison of self and other representations in a computational model known as latent semantic analysis (LSA). Findings indicated that representation of the divine is far removed from parents in cognitive schemas for all participants. Unlike Jews and Christians, Muslims appear to represent human others on the basis of self-understanding which principally references the divine. When considered in a computational semantic space, exemplars generally represent the self in a manner corresponding with divine and peer figures.     

When giving feels good. The intrinsic benefits of sacrifice in romantic relationships for the communally motivated

Who benefits most from making sacrifices for others? The current study provides one answer to this question by demonstrating the intrinsic benefits of sacrifice for people who are highly motivated to respond to a specific romantic partner's needs noncontingently, a phenomenon termed communal strength. In a 14-day daily-experience study of 69 romantic couples, communal strength was positively associated with positive emotions during the sacrifice itself, with feeling appreciated by the partner for the sacrifice, and with feelings of relationship satisfaction on the day of the sacrifice. Furthermore, feelings of authenticity for the sacrifice mediated these associations. Several alternative hypotheses were ruled out: The effects were not due to individuals higher in communal strength making qualitatively different kinds of sacrifices, being more positive in general, or being involved in happier relationships. Implications for research and theory on communal relationships and positive emotions are discussed.     

急性肺损伤生物标志物研究进展

急性肺损伤是-临床常见的呼吸系统急危重症,是多个危险因素直接或间接引起肺部损伤的连续病理过程,低氧血症为其特征,其发病机制复杂,病亡率高,目前临床上仍缺乏有效的早期诊断方法,严重影响了疾病的预后,因此需寻找一个简单有效的诊断方法,如血清生物标志物的测定等来帮助本病的诊断以取得更好的疗效.     

高青陈庄铜器铭文与城址性质考

山东高青陈庄西周城址及墓地的发现对于西周考古与历史的研究意义重大。本文根据迄今所报道的资料,对两则铜器铭文做了解读,并对陈庄城址的性质做了推考。文章认为,陈庄墓地从西周早期成王开始延续到中期的昭穆时期,其间未曾中断,与城址的存续时间相吻合。陈庄城址规模较小,不大可能是西周齐国的都城,其属于齐国贵族封邑的可能性较大;而这个封邑,应该是豐。