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The IIFF model of organ donation holds that the simultaneous presence of four factors directly influence donor registration: (1) immediate and complete registration opportunity (ICRO), (2) information, (3) focused engagement, and (4) favorable activation. Two field experiments examined the impact of an ICRO on organ donation registration. In Study 1, participants were at town halls where they knew organ donation was to be discussed. Registration cards were distributed and then collected at the end of the session in half of the town halls. For the other half, participants were asked to mail in completed cards. In three US cities, participants given an ICRO registered at a significantly greater rate (z?=?4.865, p?0.05). Study 2, targeting Hispanics at a swap meet, differed in that the registration impact of awareness of the availability of an ICRO was investigated. Participants made aware of an ICRO registered at a significantly greater rate (z?=?4.1, p?=?0.000). 相似文献
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A mathematical model previously developed for use in computer vision applications is presented as an empirical model for face
space. The term appearance space is used to distinguish this from previous models. Appearance space is a linear vector space
that is dimensionally optimal, enables us to model and describe any human facial appearance, and possesses characteristics
that are plausible for the representation of psychological face space. Randomly sampling from a multivariate distribution
for a location in appearance space produces entirely plausible faces, and manipulation of a small set of defining parameters
enables the automatic generation of photo-realistic caricatures. The appearance space model leads us to the new concept of
nonlinear caricatures, and we show that the accepted linear method for caricature is only a special case of a more general
paradigm. Nonlinear methods are also viable, and we present examples of photographic quality caricatures, using a number of
different transformation functions. Results of a simple experiment are presented that suggest that nonlinear transformations
can accurately capture key aspects of the caricature effect. Finally, we discuss the relationship between appearance space,
caricature, and facial distinctiveness. On the basis of our new theoretical framework, we suggest an experimental approach
that can yield new evidence for the plausibility of face space and its ability to explain processes of recognition. 相似文献
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The authors show how the use of inequality constraints on parameters in structural equation models may affect the distribution of the likelihood ratio test. Inequality constraints are implicitly used in the testing of commonly applied structural equation models, such as the common factor model, the autoregressive model, and the latent growth curve model, although this is not commonly acknowledged. Such constraints are the result of the null hypothesis in which the parameter value or values are placed on the boundary of the parameter space. For instance, this occurs in testing whether the variance of a growth parameter is significantly different from 0. It is shown that in these cases, the asymptotic distribution of the chi-square difference cannot be treated as that of a central chi-square-distributed random variable with degrees of freedom equal to the number of constraints. The correct distribution for testing 1 or a few parameters at a time is inferred for the 3 structural equation models mentioned above. Subsequently, the authors describe and illustrate the steps that one should take to obtain this distribution. An important message is that using the correct distribution may lead to appreciably greater statistical power. 相似文献
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Rey de Castro A 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2003,72(1):131-155
Two case vignettes illustrating different ways of listening to clinical material are presented. The author discusses some limitations of clinical psychoanalytic theory that stem from the fact that primary unconscious processes are, by their very nature, impossible to describe in a language regulated by secondary processes. Hegelian dialectics, first addressed in psychoanalysis by Lacan and later elaborated in the work of Green, as well as the use of paradox by Winnicott and the formalistic approaches of Matte Blanco and Bion, are briefly reviewed as alternative formulas. As psychoanalysts, we are condemned to live with doubt, and neither clinical theories nor metapsychology offer escape from this reality. 相似文献
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The order of events, whether two events are seen as simultaneous or successive, sets the stage for the moment-to-moment interpretation of the visual world. Evidence from patients who have lesions to the parietal lobes and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in normal subjects suggest that the right inferior parietal lobe underlies this analysis of event timing. Judgment of temporal order, simultaneity and high-level motion are all compromised following right parietal lesions and degraded after transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right parietal but not elsewhere. The results suggest that the right parietal lobe serves as part of a when pathway for both visual fields. We propose that the disruption of this mechanism is the underlying cause of a wide range of seemingly unrelated tasks being impaired in right parietal patients. 相似文献
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McFarland C Beuhler R von Rüti R Nguyen L Alvaro C 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,93(5):728-750
This research program examined how self-focused attention to feelings affects the relation between mood negativity and self-enhancing thought. The primary hypothesis was that the particular manner in which people focus on their moods (reflective vs. ruminative) determines whether they reveal positive (i.e., mood-incongruent) or negative (i.e., mood-congruent) self-relevant thoughts in response to negative moods. Studies 1-4 revealed that social comparisons, temporal comparisons, and other self-enhancing cognitions (i.e., attributions, disidentification, relationship evaluations) are more likely to be mood incongruent when people adopt a reflective orientation to their negative feelings and more likely to be mood congruent when they adopt a ruminative orientation. Additionally, moods and mood orientations affected self-enhancing thoughts through the mediating influence of mood regulation goals and intentions (Studies 5 and 6). 相似文献
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Charlotte A. M. L. Geluk Lieke van Domburgh Theo A. H. Doreleijers Lucres M. C. Jansen Samantha Bouwmeester Francisca Galindo Garre Robert Vermeiren 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2014,42(4):669-680
The presence of clusters characterized by distinct profiles of individual, family and peer characteristics among childhood arrestees was investigated and cluster membership stability after 2 years was determined. Identification of such clusters in this heterogeneous at-risk group can extend insight into the presence and severity of children’s co-occurring problems and guide intervention and prevention efforts. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to detect clusters among 308 childhood arrestees (mean age 10.7 years), based on dichotomous dynamic correlates of offending present at the time of first arrest. Correlates in the individual, peer and family domains were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up, using standardized instruments. This resulted in identification of a low problem group characterized by few problems across all domains (40.2 %), an externalizing intermediate problem group characterized by mainly externalizing problems on the individual and peer domains (39.4 %), and a pervasive high problem group characterized by numerous problems across all domains (20.4 %). Cluster membership was most stable for the low problem group (71.4 %), followed by the externalizing intermediate problem group (49.5 %). Transition was highest in the pervasive high problem group (63.0 %), with the majority of children progressing to the externalizing intermediate problem group. The identification of such distinct clusters among childhood arrestees, differing in the presence of co-occurring problems, stresses the importance of a first police arrest as an opportunity for early recognition of children in need of care. As problems present at the time of first arrest do not persist in every child, careful periodic monitoring is needed. 相似文献