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211.
Jorge Palacios Adedeji Adegoke Rebecca Wogan Daniel Duffy Caroline Earley Nora Eilert Angel Enrique Sarah Sollesse Judith Chapman Derek Richards 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(2):299-314
Low-intensity interventions for common mental disorders (CMD) address issues such as clinician shortages and barriers to accessing care. However, there is a lack of research into their comparative effectiveness in routine care. We aimed to compare treatment effects of three such interventions, utilizing four years' worth of routine clinical data. Users completing a course of guided self-help bibliotherapy (GSH), internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) or psychoeducational group therapy (PGT) from a stepped-care service within the NHS in England were included. Propensity score models (stratification and weighting) were used to control for allocation bias and determine average treatment effect (ATE) between the interventions. 21,215 users comprised the study sample (GSH = 12,896, iCBT = 6862, PGT = 1457). Adherence-to-treatment rates were higher in iCBT. All interventions showed significant improvements in depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and functioning (WSAS) scores, with largest effect sizes for iCBT. Both propensity score models showed a significant ATE in favour of iCBT versus GSH and PGT, and in favour of GSH versus PGT. Discernible differences in effectiveness were seen for iCBT in comparison with GSH and PGT. Given variance in delivery mode and human resources between different low-intensity interventions, building on these findings would be valuable for future service provision and policy decision making. 相似文献
212.
Enrique Chaux 《Aggressive behavior》2005,31(1):40-55
Research on children's peer conflicts has focused almost exclusively on the conflicts' main parties. This study investigated the role played by third parties of those conflicts. During interviews, 56 participants (ages 8.0 to 14.5) living in poor and violent neighborhoods in urban Colombia narrated 128 recent conflicts they had with, or observed among, peers. Third parties were present in 73%, and actively involved in 65%, of the conflicts. Most commonly, peers supported one side, teachers used repressive means to promote settlements, and parents took over their children's conflicts. Virtually all the participants mentioned ways of promoting a settlement, but only a fraction used them in actual conflicts. Mediation was absent among peer or adult third parties. Third parties' emotions were less intense than those of main parties, suggesting that it might be easier for bystanders to use cognitive capacities acquired through educational interventions promoting peaceful relationships. Aggr. Behav. 31:40–55, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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In this paper, a study of personality disorders and psychopathy in imprisoned male batterers is carried out. A sample of 76 batterers sentenced for a severe offence of violence against their intimate partner was selected. All the participants were assessed with the MCMI-II before beginning a treatment program in prison for gender violence. Likewise, all participants were assessed with the PCL-R in order to identify psychopathic symptoms. According to the results, 86.8% of the sample showed at least one personality disorder. The most prevalent one was the Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder (57.8% of cases), followed by the Dependent Personality Disorder (34.2% of cases) and Paranoid Personality Disorder (25%). Regarding psychopathy, the results of PCL-R showed that there were 11 people (14.4% of the sample) who met the criteria for psychopathy or probable psychopathy. Finally, implications of this study for clinical practice and future research in this field are commented upon. 相似文献
217.
R. Enrique Varela Juan Jose Sanchez-Sosa Bridget K. Biggs Timothy M. Luis 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):132-145
The cross cultural equivalence of child (n = 217) and parent (n = 283) versions of the revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS), multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC),
and the fear survey schedule for children—revised (FSSC-R) was examined in Mexican youth in Mexico, and Hispanic and white
European American youth in the USA. The RCMAS, MASC, and FSSC-R showed cross ethnic measurement equivalence. The Mexican and
Hispanic youth reported more worries, and the Mexican youth reported more somatic symptoms than the European American youth.
Per mother report, Mexican and Hispanic youth express more somatic symptoms than European American youth who also show the
least number of fears of the unknown and fears of danger and death. The results support the validity of commonly used child
anxiety measures with these populations and accrue evidence for greater anxiety and fear expression by Hispanic and Mexican
youth in certain domains.
相似文献
R. Enrique VarelaEmail: |
218.
Enrique Casanovas 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(1):33-60
I present a notion of invariance under arbitrary surjective mappings for operators on a relational finite type hierarchy generalizing
the so-called Tarski–Sher criterion for logicality and I characterize the invariant operators as definable in a fragment of
the first-order language. These results are compared with those obtained by Feferman and it is argued that further clarification
of the notion of invariance is needed if one wants to use it to characterize logicality. 相似文献
219.
Paneque M Lemos C Escalona K Prieto L Reynaldo R Velázquez M Quevedo J Santos N Almaguer LE Velázquez L Sousa A Fleming M Sequeiros J 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(4):469-479
Presymptomatic testing for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) in Cuba started five years ago. We have now investigated the
psychological impact of test results on 150 individuals at 50% risk for SCA2. In a prospective study, psychological instruments
were used to evaluate depression, anxiety and family functioning (1) before testing and (2) one year after disclosure of the
test result. One year after, anxiety and depression levels decreased both in carriers and non-carriers, but anxiety decreased
significantly more in carriers. Pathological levels of anxiety were seen mostly in members of dysfunctional families, but
decreased more in them than in other consultands. Presymptomatic testing thus seems to have been especially beneficial for
these testees, possibly due to a greater gain from the psychosocial support received. It would be pertinent to evaluate now
the impact of other psychosocial variables and perform longer-term longitudinal studies. 相似文献
220.
Contextual-specificity of short-delay extinction in humans: renewal of fear-potentiated startle in a virtual environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
A recent fear-potentiated startle study in rodents suggested that extinction was not context dependent when extinction was conducted after a short delay following acquisition, suggesting that extinction can lead to erasure of fear learning in some circumstances. The main objective of this study was to attempt to replicate these findings in humans by examining the context specificity of short-delay extinction in an ABA renewal procedure using virtual reality environments. A second objective was to examine whether renewal, if any, would be influenced by context conditioning. Subjects underwent differential aversive conditioning in virtual context A, which was immediately followed by extinction in virtual context B. Extinction was followed by tests of renewal in context A and B, with the order counterbalanced across subjects. Results showed that extinction was context dependent. Evidence for renewal was established using fear-potentiated startle as well as skin conductance and fear ratings. In addition, although contextual anxiety was greater in the acquisition context than in the extinction context during renewal, as assessed with startle, context conditioning did not influence the renewal effect. These data do not support the view that extinction conducted shortly after acquisition is context independent. Hence, they do not provide evidence that extinction can lead to erasure of a fear memory established via Pavlovian conditioning. 相似文献