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171.
Yasnitsky A 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2011,45(4):422-457
The name of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) is well-known among contemporary psychologists and educators. The cult of Vygotsky, also
known as “Vygotsky boom”, is probably conducive to continuous reinterpretation and wide dissemination of his ideas, but hardly
beneficial for their understanding as an integrative theory of human cultural and biosocial development. Two problems are
particularly notable. These are, first, numerous gaps and age-old biases and misconceptions in the historiography of Soviet
psychology, and, second, the tendency to overly focus on the figure of Vygotsky to the neglect of the scientific activities
of a number of other protagonists of the history of cultural-historical psychology. This study addresses these two problems
and reconstructs the history and group dynamics within the dense network of Vygotsky’s collaborators and associates, and overviews
their research, which is instrumental in understanding Vygotsky’s integrative theory in its entirety as a complex of interdependent
ideas, methods, and practices. 相似文献
172.
Luis F. García Anton Aluja Victoria del Barrio 《Personality and individual differences》2006,40(8):1671-1682
This study was designed to investigate the relationships of the socialisation process with the Big-Five personality traits, empathy, parent-rearing styles and social values. The main aim was to detect which variables predict better socialisation outcomes. A socialisation battery for adolescents (BAS-3), the Big-Five Questionnaire (BFQ), Bryant’s Index of Empathy (IECA), the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-My memories of upbringing (EMBU) and a Social Values Inventory (SVI) were applied to 832 Spanish adolescents. Also, 134 parent couples agreed to fill out the version of the socialisation battery for adolescents’ parents (BAS-2). Results show that personality dispositions, parent-rearing styles and social values were related to socialisation reported by children. Patterns of relationships showed that different variables account for different socialisation outcomes. However, when these variables were related to the socialisation outcomes reported by parents, relationships were considerably lower. The implications of the present study are discussed. 相似文献
173.
174.
Roger Clarnette Ming Goh Sneha Bharadwaj Jillian Ryan Suzanne Ellis Anton Svendrovski 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2019,26(3):336-347
Accurate detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is important to stratify and address risk. Yet, few short cognitive screening instruments are validated for this. . In Australia, all clients referred to an Aged Care Assessment Team (ACAT) receive comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) including the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE). We compared the accuracy of the quick mild cognitive impairment (Qmci) screen to the SMMSE in 283 participants: 195 with dementia, 47 with MCI, and 41 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in an Australian community-based ACAT. Both had similar accuracy in identifying dementia, AUC of 0.86 for the Qmci versus 0.93 for the SMMSE (p = 0.10), but the Qmci was more accurate than the SMMSE in differentiating MCI from SCD, AUC of 0.84 versus 0.71, respectively, p = 0.046. These suggest that the new, short (3–5 min) Qmci screenis appropriate for use in an ACAT or other units conducting CGA. 相似文献
175.
Anton Hart 《Psychoanalytic Social Work》2019,26(1):5-24
This article provides a basic psychological conceptualization of racial trauma. It considers how seemingly minor instances of bias or discrimination can lead to posttraumatic reactions, the proportions of which can be hard to understand from the outside. I propose to describe this non-extraordinary event of racially biased treatment as the discriminatory gesture in order to emphasize its fluidity and pervasiveness as an interpersonal event. Being the subject of a discriminatory gesture represents a unique source of trauma, particularly because it derives its destructive power from its occurrence in a wider contemporary context of pervasive racism, white supremacy, and the historical context of slavery. 相似文献
176.
Klumpers UM Tulen JH Timmerman L Fekkes D Loonen AJ Boomsma F 《Psychological reports》2004,94(2):408-410
The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological, cardiovascular, and neuroendocrine reactivity to standardized stress tests (orthostatic challenge, Stroop Color Word Test) in drug-free adult women with chronic PTSD due to repetitive childhood sexual abuse. At baseline, the 11 patients showed significantly higher mean scores on the Symptom Check List-90 and the Profile of Mood States than 13 healthy female controls, whereas baseline cardiovascular or hormonal parameters showed no differences between the groups. Also, no significant differences were found between the two groups in cardiovascular and hormonal responsivity to the stress tests. Thus, in the presence of robust psychological differences, the patients with chronic PTSD due to childhood sexual abuse did not show alterations in baseline values of neurobiological parameters, nor did they react differently to a physical and mental stress test when compared to healthy controls. 相似文献
177.
Effects of perceived control on nociceptive sensitivity were investigated in an experimental arrangement with N = 40 healthy volunteers in which the duration of painful pressure stimuli was made contingent on success in a tracking task. Perceived control over the pain duration was manipulated through varying the frequency of success in the tracking task. The amount of painful stimulation applied in the high and low control conditions was balanced by a yoked-control design. Pain sensitivity was measured before and after the tracking task by means of a thermal sensory analyzer. Pain sensitivity was found to decrease in the low control condition (hypoalgesia), and to increase slightly in the high control condition (hyperalgesia). These effects are explained with reference to a dual process model of coping. 相似文献
178.
179.
It has been well known for a number of years that abrupt withdrawal from alcohol following chronic use is associated with adverse consequences, ranging from mild tremors to withdrawal seizures. The overall purposes of treating alcohol withdrawal (AW) are to relieve patient discomfort, to prevent the development of more serious withdrawal symptoms, and to initiate long-term alcohol rehabilitation. Several areas of controversy exist in the clinical management of AW, including the optimal treatment setting, the need for pharmacologic management, and the most appropriate agent to prescribe when medication is deemed necessary. This article reviews the clinical features, general management, and treatment of AW. 相似文献
180.
Moser A 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(3):365-382
This paper deals with an approach to the integration of science (with technology and economics), ethics (with religion and
mysticism), the arts (aesthetics) and Nature, in order to establish a world-view based on holistic, evolutionary ethics that
could help with problem solving. The author suggests that this integration is possible with the aid of “Nature’s wisdom” which
is mirrored in the macroscopic pattern of the ecosphere. The corresponding eco-principles represent the basis for unifying
soft and hard sciences resulting in “deep sciences”. Deduction and induction will remain the methodology for deep sciences
and will include conventional experiments and aesthetic and sentient experiences. Perception becomes the decisive factor with
the senses as operators for the building of consciousness through the subconscious. In this paper, an attempt at integrating
the concepts of the “true”, the “right” and the “beautiful” with the aid of Nature’s wisdom is explained in more detail along
with consequences.
The author is a bioprocess engineer with a research interest in environmental issues. 相似文献