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181.
We studied associations among parents’ gender role attitudes, gender stereotyping in children’s environments, and children’s
gender role attitudes and whether these associations were similar for families with lesbian and heterosexual parents. Fifty-seven
4- to 6-year-olds and 114 parents from the US participated. Parents completed self-report questionnaires and responded to
interview questions. Researchers collected data regarding the child’s environment and attitudes about gender. Results revealed
that children with lesbian mothers had less stereotyped environments and less traditional attitudes. Parental attitudes were
associated with stereotyping in children’s environments and with children’s attitudes about gender. Both for lesbian and heterosexual
parents, the impact of parents’ attitudes on children’s attitudes was partially mediated by the nature of children’s environments. 相似文献
182.
Morein-Zamir S Hommersen P Johnston C Kingstone A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(8):1199-1210
Fifteen children with ADHD aged 8 to 12 years and age and gender matched controls performed two different stopping tasks to
examine response performance and inhibition and their respective moment-to-moment variability. One task was the well-established
stop-signal task, while the other was a novel tracking task where the children tracked a spaceship on the screen until an
alarm indicated they should stop. Although performance was discrete in the stop signal task and continuous in the tracking
task, in both tasks latencies to the stop signal were significantly slowed in children with ADHD. Go performance and variability
did not significantly differ between ADHD and control children in either task. Importantly, stopping latency in the novel
spaceship tracking task also was more variable in children with ADHD. As stopping variability cannot be measured using the
standard stop signal task, the new task offers compelling support for the heretofore untested prediction that stopping is
both slowed and more variable in children with ADHD. The results support a response inhibition impairment in ADHD, whilst
limiting the extent of an intra-trial variability deficit.
相似文献
Sharon Morein-ZamirEmail: |
183.
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is a widely used, evidence-based treatment for externalizing child behaviors. However, the
ability of BPT programs to be maximally effective remains limited by relatively low rates of acceptance, attendance, and adherence
to treatment. Previous reviews have focused on a variety of demographic and mental health characteristics of parents and children
that are predictive of poor outcomes in BPT. This paper focuses instead on consideration of parental social cognitions, and
how incorporation of these cognitions may, or may not, be useful in advancing the effectiveness of BPT. We first review evidence
suggesting limited incremental effects to incorporating parental cognitions within the context of BPT programs. Then, we examine the role of two particular types of parental social cognitions, attributions
and parenting efficacy, in relation to the initial stages of accepting and engaging in BPT. We conclude by noting limitations in available research on the links between parental social
cognitions and BPT, and we outline a number of potentially useful directions that may clarify whether or not parental social
cognitions should be accorded greater attention either in the initial stages or throughout BPT programs. 相似文献
184.
This article takes the burgeoning interest in Celtic Christianity as a key example of the way in which churches may be responding to the changing spiritual and religious landscape in the United Kingdom today and examines the power of psychological type theory to account for variation in the attitude of committed churchgoers to this innovation. Data provided by a sample of 248 Anglican clergy and lay church officers (who completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales together with the Attitude toward Celtic Christianity Scale) demonstrated that intuitive types, feeling types, and perceiving types reported a more positive attitude towards Celtic Christianity than sensing types, thinking types, and judging types. These findings are interpreted to analyse the appeal of Celtic Christianity and to suggest why some committed churchgoers may find this innovation less attractive. 相似文献
185.
The generation effect (i.e., better recall of the generated items than the read items) was investigated with a between-list design in young and elderly participants. The generation task difficulty was manipulated by varying the strength of association between cues and targets. Overall, strong associates were better recalled than weak associates. However, the results showed different generation effect patterns according to strength of association and age, with a greater generation effect for weak associates in younger adults only. These findings suggest that generating weak associates leads to more elaborated encoding, but that elderly adults cannot use this elaborated encoding as well as younger adults to recall the target words at test. 相似文献
186.
187.
Charlotte Burck 《Journal of Family Therapy》2004,26(4):314-339
Bilingualism and multilingualism have mainly been neglected in psychotherapy. This paper is based on qualitative research of subjective experiences of living in more than one language, using a combined grounded theory and discursive approach, which raises significant issues for therapy. These individuals experience themselves very differently in their different languages, and construct their languages differently. Languages acquire meanings in socio-political contexts as well as in local personal ones, and encode different concepts and notions of personhood. Issues of language choice within families and what it is seen to accomplish are discussed. Mothers and fathers view this issue differently. The paper argues for the importance of taking into account the differences languages bring for individuals, particularly in the context of colonialism and racism. Asking about families' experiences of their languages is a fruitful way to explore cultural meanings. Multilingualism is a resource for mental flexibility and creativity, but there are challenges in enabling living with its multiplicities. 相似文献
188.
189.
Narcolepsy is a lifelong disorder with the main symptoms of sleep attacks and cataplexy. In this study 49 narcoleptic patients were investigated with a battery of personality inventories, covering the following personality dimensions: anxiety-neuroticism, extraversion and socialization. The results were compared with three groups: normal subject, psychiatric inpatients with anxiety and outpatients with psychosomatic complaints. The main aim was to evaluate a clinical impression of a high degree of extraversion in narcoleptic patients, which according to Eysenck's model could be related to a disturbance in the arousal regulation. Narcoleptic patients had higher anxiety-neuroticism scores than normal individuals, particularly in terms of Somatic Anxiety. They had unexpectedly low scores in some socialization scales, and were contrary to our hypothesis slightly lower in the extraversion variables, than the comparison groups. The high scores in anxiety-neuroticism personality scales may depend on an anxiety-provoking effect of central stimulant drugs and/or a lability of the autonomic regulation associated with the disorder. Further, the strain caused by the narcoleptic symptoms may result in high scores in anxiety-neuroticism scales and low scores in socialization scales, via social-learning mechanisms. However, there may also be a coupling between the genetics of narcolepsy and biologically based personality traits. 相似文献
190.
Judith Oakey Hooper Anne M. Squire Virginia Sapiro Ruth Sidel Charlotte G. O'Kelly 《Sex roles》1981,7(11):1151-1162