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471.
Joseph N. Ricciardi Allison Weiss Rothschild Natalie M. Driscoll Jillian Crawley Joshua Wanganga David A. Fofanah James K. Luiselli 《Behavioral Interventions》2020,35(3):458-466
Care providers within human services organizations have many job responsibilities and performance expectations. In the present study, we conducted social validity assessment with 78 care providers concerning their attitudes and opinions about behavior data recording with adults who had intellectual disability and lived in community group homes. Specifically, the care providers responded to a written questionnaire that inquired about the practicality, training/supervision, and value of behavior data recording in the context of service delivery. Results indicated generally high approval of behavior data recording practices, purposes, and approaches to training. We discuss implications of these findings for implementing data recording by care providers and the contribution of social validity assessment to training and performance management within human services organizations. 相似文献
472.
William Hart Kyle Richardson Gregory K. Tortoriello Allison Earl 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2020,111(3):417-442
Selective exposure is the tendency to gather viewpoint-congenial versus viewpoint-uncongenial information. Extant models of selective exposure suggest this tendency occurs because people anticipate reading congenial (vs. uncongenial) information will cause more favourable intrapersonal consequences. However, these models ignore the notion that people's information choices are, in part, symbolic gestures designed to convey identity-relevant beliefs to an audience through information display. Drawing from perspectives that emphasize human consumption as symbolic and a way to signal one's identity, we suggest that selective exposure pertains not only to information processing but also to conveying identity through information display. Experiment 1 showed that people characterize information display as a way to communicate their views to an audience. Experiments 2–4 showed that people are averse to displaying uncongenial versus congenial information (without processing the information), anticipate feeling more uncomfortable and more inauthentic merely displaying (without processing) uncongenial versus congenial information, and that people's intentions to engage in selective exposure in daily life are a function of their belief that selective-exposure displays convey their identity. None of these studies or findings can be generated from extant selective-exposure theories. Thus, selective-exposure theories are likely incomplete because they ignore people's beliefs and goals regarding information display. 相似文献
473.
Holland Kathryn J. Gustafson Amber M. Cortina Lilia M. Cipriano Allison E. 《Sex roles》2020,82(3-4):206-218
Sex Roles - Sexual assault is a widespread and deleterious issue on U.S. college campuses. Resident assistants (RAs) in university housing are in a unique position to support students who... 相似文献
474.
475.
The discrepancy between college students’ performance and parents’ expectations may be related to college students’ affective
distress. Further, the role that parent–college student communication reciprocity may play in the context of these discrepancies
has not been examined. As a result, this study examined parent–college student expectation discrepancies and communication
reciprocity as predictors of college students’ affective distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety). Results of this
study suggest that college student–parent expectation discrepancies, communication reciprocity, and college students’ affective
distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety) are interrelated significantly. Further, results from the hierarchical regressions
conducted for this study suggest that college students’ perception of their communication reciprocity with their parents may
be a more important predictor of college students’ depression and anxiety in the context of the expectation discrepancies
examined in this study. These findings underscore the importance of teaching communication skills to college students and
their parents as a means of diminishing the deleterious effects of perceiving one another inaccurately. 相似文献
476.
As researchers and clinicians seek to better understand, prevent, and address violence in dating relationships among adolescents and young adults, there is also a need to better explore the possible legal consequences for perpetrators of aggression. The purpose of this paper is to review legal involvement in violent intimate relationships, with a specific focus on dating relationships, as these sanctions represent possible punishing consequences for violent perpetration. Punishing consequences of aggression, including legal interventions, could serve to lessen or eliminate violence in the current relationship and also circumvent possible aggression in future relationships. Implications of this review for clinicians, law enforcement, judiciary officials, and prevention programmers addressing dating violence are provided, along with directions for future research. 相似文献
477.
Jodi A. Quas Ph.D. Allison R. Wallin Ph.D. Briana Horwitz M.A. Elizabeth Davis M.A. Thomas D. Lyon Ph.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2009,27(1):97-117
Little is known about the extent to which maltreated children understand what is happening during their participation in court proceedings, despite large numbers of children coming into contact with the legal system as victims of maltreatment. In the present study, maltreated 4‐ to 15‐year‐olds were interviewed about their understanding of dependency court on the day of their scheduled court visit. Their feelings about attending their hearings were also assessed, and after their hearing, their understanding of the decisions was examined. Age‐related improvements in children's understanding emerged. Also, children who were more knowledgeable about the legal system were less distressed about attending their hearings, as were younger children who had been in the system a longer time. Finally, a majority of children lacked full or accurate understanding of what actually happened during their hearings. Findings have implications for children's participation in legal proceedings and the development of interventions to facilitate children's legal understanding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
478.
Tara M. Emmers-Sommer Sarah Nebel Mae-Li Allison Michele L. Cannella Desiree Cartmill Sarah Ewing Daniel Horvath Jonathan K. Osborne Brittney Wojtaszek 《Sex roles》2009,60(9-10):669-681
This investigation examined patient–provider communication about sexual health related to gender and age. Data were collected from 277 individuals, aged 18–60, via convenience and snowball sampling at a large university in southwestern United States. Results indicate women are more proactive about their sexual health than men and tested for STDs more frequently. Women, more than men, initiate discussions with their healthcare provider about sexual health matters and healthcare providers are more likely to initiate communication about such matters with women than men. Men hold stronger gender-stereotypical beliefs than women, are less likely to initiate conversations about sexual issues with their provider, and believe sexual discussions with their partner are inappropriate. Age relates to sexual activity initiation and perceived STD risk. 相似文献
479.
Anthony N. Fabricatore Thomas A. Wadden Reneé H. Moore Meghan L. Butryn Steven B. Heymsfield Allison Martin Nguyen 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(8):685-691
Attrition is a common problem in weight loss trials. The present analysis examined several baseline and early-treatment process variables, as predictors of attrition and outcome in a clinical trial that combined pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for weight loss. Participants were 224 obese adults who were treated with sibutramine alone, lifestyle modification alone, combined therapy, or sibutramine plus brief lifestyle modification. Predictors included baseline characteristics (e.g., demographic, weight-related, psychological, and consumption-related variables), plus attendance, adherence, and weight loss in the early weeks of treatment. Outcomes were attrition and weight loss success (i.e., ≥5% reduction in body weight) at 1 year. Multivariable models, adjusting for other relevant variables, found that younger age and greater baseline depressive symptoms were related to increased odds of attrition (ps ≤ 0.003). Greater early weight loss marginally reduced the odds of attrition (p = 0.06). Predictors of weight loss success at 1 year were Caucasian ethnicity (p = 0.04), lower baseline depressive symptoms (p = 0.04), and weight loss during the first 3 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). Thus, depressive symptoms at baseline were a significant predictor of both attrition and weight loss success. As a process variable, early weight loss appears to have more predictive value than early attendance at treatment sessions or early adherence. 相似文献
480.
We examined the effects of joint attention for object learning in 5‐ and 7‐month‐old infants. Infants interacted with an adult social partner who taught them about a novel toy in two conditions. In the Joint Attention condition, the adult spoke about the toy while alternating gaze between the infant and the toy, while in the Object Only condition, the adult looked to the toy and to a spot on the ceiling, but never at the infant. In the test trials following each social interaction, we presented infants with the ‘familiarization’ toy and a novel toy, and monitored looking times to each object. We found that 7‐month‐olds looked significantly longer to the novel toy following the Joint Attention relative to the Object Only condition, while 5‐month‐old infants did not show a significant difference across conditions. We interpret these results to suggest that joint attention facilitated 7‐month‐old infants' encoding of information about the familiarization object. Implications for the ontogeny of infant learning in joint attention contexts are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献