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291.
HIV Testing Experience and Risk Behavior Among Sexually Active Black Young Adults: A CBPR-Based Study Using Respondent-Driven Sampling in Durham,North Carolina
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Kathleen M. MacQueen Mario Chen David Jolly Monique P. Mueller Eunice Okumu Natalie T. Eley Michelle Laws Malika Roman Isler Allison Kalloo Randy C. Rogers 《American journal of community psychology》2015,55(3-4):433-443
African Americans are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic inclusive of men who have sex with men, heterosexual men, and women. As part of a community‐based participatory research study we assessed HIV testing experience among sexually active 18–30 year old Black men and women in Durham, NC. Of 508 participants, 173 (74 %) men and 236 (86 %; p = 0.0008) women reported ever being tested. Barriers to testing (e.g., perceived risk and stigma) were the same for men and women, but men fell behind mainly because a primary facilitator of testing—routine screening in clinical settings—was more effective at reaching women. Structural and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV infection were prevalent but did not predict HIV testing experience. Reduced access to health care services for low income Black young adults may exacerbate HIV testing barriers that already exist for men and undermine previous success rates in reaching women. 相似文献
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294.
Allison Ann Payne 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(7):507-524
Previous research has demonstrated multiple beneficial outcomes of communal school organization for teachers and students alike. The current research uses data from a nationally representative sample of 253 public, non-alternative, secondary schools to examine how a communal school organization interacts with school contextual factors, such as school size and racial diversity, to affect school disorder. It was found that more diverse schools are less likely to be communally organized and that communal school organization had a stronger negative effect on school disorder in these more diverse schools. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
295.
Robert M. Pressman Judith A. Owens Allison Schettini Evans Melissa L. Nemon 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(5):347-363
Using the Learning Habit Study dataset of 21,1451 parent respondents, this study examined the interactions of three core variables – parenting style, family time, and screen time – on various common concerns of families. (“Screen time” is time spent using an electronic device that has a screen, such as: a computer, television, game console, tablet, or cell phone.) Analysis of the data suggested that parents using empowerment parenting, closely aligned with authoritative techniques, had children with better academic performance, reduced sleep onset latency (SOL), and healthier social and emotional behaviors than children of parents who practiced traditional parenting, more closely aligned with authoritarian techniques. Further, increased family time was found to have benefits to children on par with those of empowerment parenting. 相似文献
296.
Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is a rare entity, especially when it occurs in isolation; it is seen more commonly as part of a multisystem vasculitis. Common presenting symptoms include persistent headache, encephalopathy, and multifocal signs. We discuss the case of a 68-year-old female who presented twice in 1 month with confusion and choreaform movements. Extensive workup was negative for a connective tissue disease or other conditions in the differential, including neurosarcoidosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and neurosyphilis. The only significant findings were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, inflammatory signs in the CNS, and diffuse slowing of the electroencephalogram. A presumptive diagnosis of isolated angiitis of the central nervous system (IACNS) was made and the patient was successfully treated with steroids. She recovered fully with no residual symptoms. The diagnosis of IACNS is often difficult given there are no definitive laboratory investigations or pathognomonic presentation. However, a series of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings have been proposed that are helpful in making the diagnosis. To our knowledge, IACNS presenting primarily with delirium has not been previously reported in the literature. The diagnosis of IACNS is purely speculative for this case, as the gold standard for diagnosis, a leptomeningeal cortical biopsy, was not performed. 相似文献
297.
Park-Taylor J Ng V Ventura AB Kang AE Morris CR Gilbert T Srivastava D Androsiglio RA 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2008,14(2):128-137
Through semistructured interviews, the authors investigated the relationships between the definition of a "true" American, the impact of 9/11, and the war in Iraq and their impact on experiences of fitting into and being excluded from the American identity with a sample of 10 2nd-generation young adults. Using consensual qualitative research methods (C. E. Hill et al., 2005; C. E. Hill, B. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) the authors identified 6 major domains that described participants' experiences, including physical characteristics of true Americans, behavioral characteristics of true Americans, beliefs and values of true Americans, the impact of 9/11 on definitions of true Americans, participants' American identity, and experiences as 2nd-generation Americans. 相似文献
298.
Correlates of household smoking bans in low-income families of children with and without asthma 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wamboldt FS Balkissoon RC Rankin AE Szefler SJ Hammond SK Glasgow RE Dickinson WP 《Family process》2008,47(1):81-94
Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) harms all children's health, especially children with asthma. Yet, children with asthma are as likely to live with smokers as healthy children. Household smoking bans are being advocated to reduce children's harm from SHS. To measure the effect of household smoking bans on child SHS exposure and to examine correlates of strict smoking bans in a low-income, diverse sample, 91 children with asthma were matched to 91 healthy children. All had at least one smoker living in their homes. Nicotine dosimeters, child cotinine assays, and maternal reports quantified child SHS exposures. Maternal reports of household smoking rules, behaviors, and beliefs, and other family characteristics were also gathered. The presence of a strict household smoking ban vastly reduced children's SHS exposures and was associated with fewer cigarettes smoked by the mother and by other family members, the belief that SHS was a personal health risk, having children with asthma, and living in a single-family home. Many children are exposed to high levels of SHS at home. Strict household smoking bans greatly decrease, but do not eliminate children's SHS exposure. Even in disadvantaged families, mutable factors were associated with strict smoking bans. Increased dissemination and use of established public health strategies are needed to reduce children's SHS exposures. 相似文献
299.
Stephanie Al Otaiba Carol Connor Holly Lane Marcia L. Kosanovich Chris Schatschneider Allison K. Dyrlund Melissa S. Miller Tyran L. Wright 《Journal of School Psychology》2008,46(3):281-314
This study investigated the role of the amount, content, and implementation of reading instruction provided by 17 kindergarten teachers in eight Reading First elementary schools as it related to students' progress (n = 286 students) on early reading assessments of phonological awareness and letter naming–decoding fluency. Children's phonological awareness and letter naming–decoding fluency grew significantly from fall to spring. On average, across the three 60 min observations, teachers provided over 30 min a day of phonological awareness and phonics instruction and 15 min a day of vocabulary and comprehension instruction. Global ratings of instructional quality revealed two implementation factors: explicit and individualized implementation and meaningful interactions around text. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that the amounts of specific instructional content, as well as how this instruction was implemented, was related to students' letter knowledge and phonological awareness skill growth. 相似文献
300.
Who's That Girl: Television's Role In The Body Image Development Of Young White And Black Women 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Deborah Schooler L. Monique Ward Ann Merriwether Allison Caruthers 《Psychology of women quarterly》2004,28(1):38-47
Although findings indicate a connection between frequent media use and greater body dissatisfaction, little attention has focused on the role of race. Accordingly, this study investigates the relation between television viewing and body image among 87 Black and 584 White women. Participants reported monthly viewing amounts of mainstream and Black-oriented television programs as well as body attitudes as measured by the Eating Disorders Inventory, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Results suggest different patterns predicting body image for White and Black women. Among White women, viewing mainstream television predicted poorer body image, while viewing Black-oriented media was unrelated to body image. Among Black women, viewing Black-oriented television predicted healthier body image, while viewing mainstream television was unrelated to body image. Ethnic identity also predicted healthier body image among Black women, and appeared to moderate, to some extent, the contributions of viewing Black-oriented programming. 相似文献