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781.
A rapid method is described for machine computation of biserial correlations in item analysis with several criteria. This method has been found to yield biserial correlations from punched IBM cards at the rate of about 41 per hour. 相似文献
782.
783.
784.
Barbara M. C. Ramos Shepard Siegel José Lino O. Bueno 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(3):165-177
There is considerable evidence that drug-paired cues become associated with drug effects. It has been hypothesized that these
cues act as Pavlovian conditional stimuli (CSs), and elicit conditional compensatory responses that contribute to tolerance.
On the basis of a conditioning analysis of tolerance, we would expect that is should be possible to establish drug-paired
cues as occasion setters, as well as conditional stimuli. Using feature-positive discrimination training, we evaluated the
contribution of occasion-setting stimuli (as well as CSs) to tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in rats. The results
indicated that a complete associative analysis of drug tolerance should incorporate not only the CS properties of predrug
cues, but also the occasion-setting properties of such cues. The findings have implications for interpreting conflicting findings
concerning extinction of tolerance and for cue-exposure treatments of addiction. 相似文献
785.
Joan M. Glaman Allan P. Jones Richard M. Rozelle 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(1):142-158
The study investigated effects of different work contexts on the individual's desire to work with a similar or dissimilar coworker. Business students (N= 536) were assigned to 1 of 3 conditions (competitive task, skill‐development task, and nonspecific task) and were asked to describe their preferred coworker for that task. Individuals were expected to prefer coworkers whom they perceived as similar in noncompetitive situations, but those whom they perceived as dissimilar in competitive situations. Further, it was hypothesized that the type of similarity emphasized (skills, personal values, and personal style) would reflect the type of anticipated interaction. As expected, participants in competitive conditions chose coworkers with lower skills and generally dissimilar values and personal style. Coworkers selected for the skill‐development condition possessed similar skills and were more similar in values. 相似文献
786.
787.
The location and interpretation of the bisection point 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lorraine G. Allan 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(1):43-60
In atemporal bisectiontask with humans, the observer is required to decide whether a probe duration ( t ) is more similar to the short referent (S), an R S response, or to the long referent (L), an R L response. Temporal bisection yields a psychometric function relating the proportion of long responses, P(R L ), to probe duration t . The value of t at which R S and R L occur with equal frequency, P(RL) = .5, is referred to as the bisection point, T 1/2 . Bisection models usually interpret T 1/2 as identifying the value of t that is equally confusable with S and L, but they differ in their predictions for the location of T 1/2 . The present paper presents new data relevant to the location and interpretation of T 1/2 . The data indicate that the empirical values usually are biased, the biases being influenced by duration range, L:S ratio, and probe spacing. Moreover, the biases often are not consistent across observers. It is concluded that empirical values of T 1/2 should not be interpreted as indicating the value of t that is equally confusable with S and L. 相似文献
788.
Bernardo AB 《The Journal of psychology》2008,142(2):193-208
In this study, the author investigated the epistemological beliefs of 864 bilingual Filipino preservice teachers using Filipino and English versions of the Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire (M. Schommer, 1998). The author conducted confirmatory factor analyses to determine the dimensions and structure of the epistemological beliefs. The results revealed two factors: Simple Learning and Structured Learning. The same factors were found using the Filipino and English versions of the questionnaire. The author discusses the results in terms of how they contribute to the growing evidence regarding the possible problems with particular multidimensional theories and quantitative measures of epistemological beliefs. The results also indicate how the specific epistemological beliefs of the Filipino preservice teachers may reflect features of the Philippine educational system and its tensions regarding pedagogy. 相似文献
789.
The elaborative-processing and forgetting-reconstruction hypotheses are the 2 principal explanations for the contextual interference (CI) effect. The present authors' purpose was to identify which of these 2 hypotheses better accounts for the CI effect. They synchronized single transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses to each intertrial interval to modulate information processing during Blocked and Random Practice conditions. Participants practiced 3 arm tasks with either a Blocked or Random Practice order. The 3 stimulation conditions (No TMS, TMS, Sham TMS) by 2-practice order (Blocked, Random) between-participant design resulted in 6 experimental groups. Without TMS, motor learning increased under Random Practice. With TMS, this learning benefit diminished. These results support the elaborative-processing hypothesis by showing that perturbing information processing, evoked by Random Practice, deteriorates the learning benefit. Unlike the prediction of the forgetting-reconstruction hypothesis, adding perturbation during Blocked Practice did not significantly enhance motor learning. 相似文献
790.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the development of intellectual functioning in 145 school-age pairs of siblings. Each pair included one child with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and one unaffected sibling. All pairs of children were evaluated on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) at time 1 and 80 pairs of children received a second evaluation at time 2 approximately 4 years later. Compared to their unaffected siblings, children with FXS obtained significantly lower percentage correct scores on all subtests of the WISC at both time points. During the time between the first and second assessments, the annual rate of intellectual development was approximately 2.2 times faster in the unaffected children compared to the children with FXS. Levels of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) were highly associated with intellectual ability scores of the children with FXS at both time points (r=0.55 and 0.64 respectively). However, when gender, age, and the time between assessments were included as covariates in the structural equation model, FMRP accounted for only 5% of the variance in intellectual ability scores at time 1 and 13% of the variance at time 2. The results of this study suggest that slower learning contributes to the low and declining standardized IQ scores observed in children with FXS. 相似文献