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451.
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Allan Hazlett 《Erkenntnis》2006,65(3):343-363
A number of epistemologists have recently concluded that a piece of reasoning may be epistemically permissible even when it
is impossible for the reasoning subject to present her reasoning as an argument without begging the question. I agree with
these epistemologists, but argue that none has sufficiently divorced the notion of begging the question from epistemic notions.
I present a proposal for a characterization of begging the question in purely pragmatic terms. 相似文献
454.
Most scientific domains have guidelines concerning ethics in research. These guidelines are designed to enable researchers
to conduct good research while avoiding potential harm to research participants. This paper examines the bases for ethical
codes in research and discusses how these codes are operationalized in research conducted in the field of mathematics education. 相似文献
455.
Edward A. Selby Cynthia M. Bulik Laura Thornton Wade H. Berrettini Steve Crawford Katherine A. Halmi Craig L. Johnson Allan S. Kaplan Detlev O. Nutzinger Janet Treasure Walter H. Kaye 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(7):634-645
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is perhaps the most lethal mental disorder, in part due to starvation-related health problems, but especially because of high suicide rates. One potential reason for high suicide rates in AN may be that those affected face pain and provocation on many fronts, which may in turn reduce their fear of pain and thereby increase risk for death by suicide. The purpose of the following studies was to explore whether repetitive exposure to painful and destructive behaviors such as vomiting, laxative use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) was a mechanism that linked AN-binge-purging (ANBP) subtype, as opposed to AN-restricting subtype (ANR), to extreme suicidal behavior. Study 1 utilized a sample of 787 individuals diagnosed with one or the other subtype of AN, and structural equation modeling results supported provocative behaviors as a mechanism linking ANBP to suicidal behavior. A second, unexpected mechanism emerged linking ANR to suicidal behavior via restricting. Study 2, which used a sample of 249 AN patients, replicated these findings, including the second mechanism linking ANR to suicide attempts. Two potential routes to suicidal behavior in AN appear to have been identified: one route through repetitive experience with provocative behaviors for ANBP, and a second for exposure to pain through the starvation of restricting in ANR. 相似文献
456.
Allan Brown Alexis Abernethy Richard Gorsuch Alvin C. Dueck 《Journal of applied social psychology》2010,40(5):1003-1027
Anger has been at the center of religiopolitical conflicts and has been associated with well‐being. This study examined the role of Muslim anger in sociopolitical events perceived as a sacred violation. A Muslim sample (N = 151) identified adverse political events that have deeply affected them; and completed measures of anger, sacred violations, perceptions of injustice, and religiousness. Sacred violations and perceptions of injustice were associated with greater levels of anger, with sacred violations being the stronger predictor. Post hoc analyses revealed that surrender problem‐solving style increased anger control. The findings provide broad support for the importance of religious appraisals of adverse political events in Muslim anger. 相似文献
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Bruce Bongar Ronald W. Maris Allan L. Berman Robert E. Litman Morton M. Silverman 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》1993,23(3):245-256
The most common legal action involving psychiatric care is the failure to reasonably protect patients from harming themselves. In this regard it is critical to understand that courts have tended to impose much stricter standards on inpatient than on outpatient care; that at the present time, most malpractice actions involve clinical activities related to inpatient care (negligent admission, treatment, supervision, discharge, etc.). This article reviews the current climate in the legal and clinical formulation of standards of care for hospitalized adult suicidal patients. It suggests general guidelines for effective assessment, management, and treatment procedures that balance the need for high-quality care by a reasonable and prudent practitioner with the requirements of court-determined and statutory standards. The authors specifically discuss court cases that show common failure situations in inpatient care, discharge planning, and follow-up (e.g., problems in pharmacotherapy, the decision to hospitalize, the assessment of imminence and lethality, etc.). The paper also emphasizes the crucial element of clinical judgment in developing any inpatient standard of care. 相似文献
460.