生活事件、性格对某些心身疾病的影响的调查分析

本文用生活事件经历调查表(LEES)对278名心身疾病者,282名癌症患者和 273名健康人(对照组)作调查。结果表明:心身疾病和癌症患者病前出现应激性事件的频度(人次),及对事件产生负性情绪体验的强度(得分)皆明显高于对照组。在应激性生活事件中,家庭事件因素的频度和强度均较高,从某种意义上说,它可能是心身疾病和癌症的重要前因之一。生活事件强度体验与个体个性特征、应付策略和社会支持有关。     

临床医生要理解与实践医学的目的

针对医疗进入市场后,一些临床医生对医学的特征与属性认识不足,医学的行为与目的产生矛盾,提出了医生的人文精神就体现在医疗过程的言行之中。在中国目前的卫生状况下,实现医学的目的,医生们可以有所作为,有所贡献。     

The Individualised Patient‐Progress System: A decade of international collaborative networking

Background: The backstage of research projects is seldom presented to the general audience, in particular, how the research questions emerged, how the team interacted and how the methods and design were decided upon. Aim: In this paper we will recount the story behind an international practice‐based research network for personalising health assessment, the joint journey of researchers and therapists from three different countries in creating the Individualised Patient‐Progress System (IPPS). Results: We first describe how the idea of the IPPS emerged; then we show how IPPS is being piloted and integrated into clinical practice. Next, we present the views of therapists and researchers who have been part of this project. Conclusions: We discuss some lessons learned from this 14‐year collaborative research programme.     

紧缩论,证明与保守性

紧缩论者主张真谓词表达了一种逻辑概念,它的全部意义都体现在所有塔斯基式的T-语句中。Shapiro近来论证说,将紧缩论的公理添加到一阶皮亚诺算术公理系统(PA)中,在该扩张理论中能够证明PA的可靠性,并在此基础上证明PA的一致性,这表明紧缩论不具有保守性,因此真谓词不是紧缩的。本文论证,扩张理论预设了反射原则,这导致它推出了更多的东西,而反射原则是可证性谓词定义的推论,这才是造成扩张理论非保守性的真正根源。针对紧缩论的非保守性论证因此失效了。     

Religion and Spirituality among American Indian,South Asian,Black, Hispanic/Latina,and White Women in the Study on Stress,Spirituality, and Health

Social scientists have increasingly recognized the lack of diversity in survey research on American religion, resulting in a dearth of data on religion and spirituality (R/S) in understudied racial and ethnic groups. At the same time, epidemiological studies have increasingly diversified their racial and ethnic representation, but have collected few R/S measures to date. With a particular focus on American Indian and South Asian women (in addition to Blacks, Hispanic/Latinas, and white women), this study introduces a new effort among religion and epidemiology researchers, the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health. This multicohort study provides some of the first estimates of R/S beliefs and practices among American Indians and U.S. South Asians, and offers new insight into salient beliefs and practices of diverse racial/ethnic and religious communities.     

语境、意向与意义——兼评塞尔的意向性意义理论

塞尔在其前期理论把语言的意义归之于言语行为,特别是交流意向,但在其后期理论则把意义归结为表征意向,而交流意向派生于表征意向,甚至割断了意义和交流之间的联系。笔者通过引入语境因素和指称意向的概念,澄清了语境、意向和意义之间的关系,使塞尔具有私人性的表征意向和交流意向具有一定的公共性,以此扭转塞尔理论中的心理主义趋向,回归到弗雷格的反心理主义的语义学进路。     

通过演绎方式得概称句推理的逻辑

基于[4]中的逻辑系统G,本文通过删减和增加公理及规则给出3个逻辑G0,GD和Gs,同时,我们通过对正常主项选择函数添加不同的条件给出与三个逻辑相应的不同的模型定义。其中,G0是GD和Gs的基础。这些逻辑的给出是为了刻画通过演绎方式得概称句的推理的局部推理。