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131.
Universal‐Diverse Orientation,Cognitive Complexity,and Sociopolitical Advocacy in Counselor Trainees
Alicia M. Wendler Johanna E. Nilsson 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2009,37(1):28-39
The authors investigated counselor trainees' levels of cognitive complexity and sociopolitical advocacy as predictors of universal‐diverse orientation (UDO). Participants included 120 master's‐ and doctoral‐level trainees from 4 midwestern counseling psychology programs. Results revealed that, after accounting for multicultural social desirability and training experience, actual time spent engaging in sociopolitical advocacy activities uniquely predicted 1 subscale of UDO. Los autores investigaron los niveles de complejidad cognitiva y defensoría sociopolítica de los consejeros en formación como indicadores de predicción de su orientación universal‐diversa (UDO, por sus siglas en inglés). Entre los participantes había 120 estudiantes de maestríay doctorado de 4 programas de psicología clínica en el Medio Oeste de EE.UU. Los resultados revelaron que, después de tomar en cuenta el atractivo social multicultural y la experiencia en formación, el tiempo real dedicado a la participación en actividades de defensoría sociopolítica solo predijo 1 sub‐escala de UDO. 相似文献
132.
The Psychological Record - Depressive realism consists of the lower personal control over uncontrollable events perceived by depressed as compared to nondepressed individuals. In this article, we... 相似文献
133.
Alicia Rodríguez-Ferreyra 《American journal of community psychology》2009,43(1-2):122-133
This paper approaches social policy (SP) from the political perspective considered by Montero (Critical psychology: An introduction, Sage, London, pp 231–244, 1997; Community, Work and Family 1(1):65–78, 1998; Introducción a la Psicología Comunitaria. Desarrollo, conceptos y procesos, Paidos, Buenos Aires, pp 89–114, pp 255–284, 2004; Hacer para transformar. El método en la Psicología Comunitaria, Paidos, Buenos Aires, pp 229–256, 2004) as a paradigmatic dimension of community psychology. The field of SP, the characteristics of certain SPs and the role of SP in the production and reproduction of the subjectivities of those subject to them in Uruguay are described and an analysis given of the challenge posed by going from a compensatory or palliative to a transformative mode of SP. It is proposed that identification of, and understanding and intervention in, psychosocial processes in the field are the keys to maximising the likelihood of SPs assuming a transformative character. Psychosocial aspects and participatory processes implicit in the relationship between the State and civil society are discussed. Finally, some orientations for community psychological intervention in this field of action are proposed. 相似文献
134.
People often face preferential decisions under risk. To further our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying these preferential choices, two prominent cognitive models, decision field theory (DFT; Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993 ) and the proportional difference model (PD; González-Vallejo, 2002 ), were rigorously tested against each other. In two consecutive experiments, the participants repeatedly had to choose between monetary gambles. The first experiment provided the reference to estimate the models' free parameters. From these estimations, new gamble pairs were generated for the second experiment such that the two models made maximally divergent predictions. In the first experiment, both models explained the data equally well. However, in the second generalization experiment, the participants' choices were much closer to the predictions of DFT. The results indicate that the stochastic process assumed by DFT, in which evidence in favor of or against each option accumulates over time, described people's choice behavior better than the trade-offs between proportional differences assumed by PD. 相似文献
135.
Traditionally, liberals have confined religion to the sphere of the ‘private’ or ‘non-political’. However, recent debates
over the place of religious symbols in public spaces, state financing of faith schools, and tax relief for religious organisations
suggest that this distinction is not particularly useful in easing the tension between liberal commitments to equality on
the one hand, and freedom of religion on the other. This article deals with one aspect of this debate, which concerns whether
members of religious communities should receive exemptions from regulations that place a distinctively heavy burden on them.
Drawing on Habermas’ understanding of churches as ‘communities of interpretation’, we explore possible alternatives to both
the ‘rule-and-exemption’ approach and the ‘neutralist’ approach. Our proposal rests on the idea of mutual learning between
secular and religious perspectives. On this interpretation, what is required is (i) the generation and maintenance of public
spaces in which there could be discussion and dialogue about particular cases, and (ii) evaluation of whether the basic conditions
of moral discourse are present in these spaces. Thus deliberation becomes a touchstone for the building of a shared democratic
ethos. 相似文献
136.
This article compiles the investigations carried out by a Research Group of the University of Granada, Spain. Its different
projects on writing’s cognitive social and cultural processes have been supported by the Spanish Government. This line of
research joined together linguistic, psychological, social and cultural contributions to the development of writing from the
1970s. Currently, this line of research develops in collaboration with other European Universities: (a) Interuniversity Centre
for Research On Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA), “La Sapienza” University of Rome (Italy);
(b) Anadolu University, (Eskisehir, Turkey); (c) Coimbra University (Portugal); (d) University of Zaragoza (Spain); (e) the
Institute of Education of the University of London (United Kingdom). The aforementioned collaboration is materializing into
projects like the International Master on Multilingual Writing: Cognitive, Intercultural and Technological Processes of Written
Communication () and the International Congress: Writing in the twenty-first Century: Cognition, Multilinguisim and Technologies, held in
Granada (). This research line is focussed on the development of strategies in writing development, basic to train twenty-first century
societies’ citizens. In these societies, participation in production media, social exchange and the development of multilingual
written communication skills through new computer technologies spread multicultural values. In order to fulfil the social
exigencies, it is needed to have the collaboration of research groups for designing and applying international research projects.
International Master. Multilingual Writing Web: , . 相似文献
137.
138.
Antonio C ndido Antonio Maldonado Alicia Rodrí guez Alberto Morales 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(2):171-184
The main finding of these experiments was a positive contrast effect in one-way avoidance learning. Experiment 1 showed that increasing safety time during one-way avoidance training led to improved performance, surpassing that of a control group that had received the high reward (safe time) from the beginning of training. Experiment 2 showed that a similar positive contrast effect occurred when the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the warning signal was shortened. These results suggest that time spent in a safe context acts as a reinforcer of the avoidance response; however, its incentive value depends not only on its duration, but also on the length of the time spent in the danger compartment before the onset of the signal. Overall, results also suggest that the avoidance response is a mixture of flight (motivated by fear) and approach (to a safe place) behaviour. The specific weight of the flight or approach component may be a function of the time and the amount of activation of each emotional state (fear or relief) due to opponent homeostatic compensatory processes that occur in the danger and safe compartments during one-way avoidance learning. 相似文献
139.
John Northup Kevin Jones Carmen Broussard Gina DiGiovanni Melissa Herring Iantha Fusilier Alicia Hanchey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(1):121-125
To assess the drug—behavior interaction effects with an 8-year-old boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, common classroom antecedent (e.g., seating arrangement) and consequent (e.g., peer prompts) stimuli were alternated within a school day while drug conditions (methylphenidate vs. placebo) were alternated across days. The results suggested that peer attention maintained disruptive behavior when methylphenidate was absent but not when it was present. 相似文献
140.