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Males of the Rb/lBg and C57BL/10Bg strains, as well as of the Bl0RblF, and RblBlOF1, reciprocal hybrids, were tested for aggression over three daily trials beginning at 50 days of age. The BlORblF, hybrids were sired by Rb/lBg males, and the RblBlOF, hybrids were sired by C57BL/10Bg males. The mean scores for the agonistic acts of chase, wrestle, flank-bite (but not tail rattle or attack), and the mean “aggression” score (but not mean latencies to first agonistic act or first attack) were significantly higher for BlORblF, than for RblBlOF, hybrids. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some aspect(s) of the Rb/lBg Y-chromosome strain can influence the occurrence of some of the motor patterns of offense but not defense. The Y-chromosomes of the DBA/1, DBA/2, CBA, and PHH inbred strains have a similar effect on agonistic behaviors. 相似文献
134.
Prefrontal cognitive ability, intelligence, Big Five personality, and the prediction of advanced academic and workplace performance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Higgins DM Peterson JB Pihl RO Lee AG 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,93(2):298-319
Studies 1 and 2 assessed performance on a battery of dorsolateral prefrontal cognitive ability (D-PFCA) tests, personality, psychometric intelligence, and academic performance (AP) in 2 undergraduate samples. In Studies 1 and 2, AP was correlated with D-PFCA (r=.37, p<.01, and r=.33, p<.01, respectively), IQ (r=.24, p<.05, and r=.38, p<.01, respectively), and Conscientiousness (r=.26, p<.05, and r=.37, p<.01, respectively). D-PFCA remained significant in regression analyses controlling for intelligence (or g) and personality. Studies 3 and 4 assessed D-PFCA, personality, and workplace performance among (a) managerial-administrative workers and (b) factory floor workers at a manufacturing company. Prefrontal cognitive ability correlated with supervisor ratings of manager performance at values of r ranging from .42 to .57 (ps<.001), depending on experience, and with factory floor performance at pr=.21 (p=.02), after controlling for experience, age, and education. Conscientiousness correlated with factory floor performance at r=.23. 相似文献
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Alice H. Eagly 《Psychology of women quarterly》2007,31(1):1-12
In the United States, women are increasingly praised for having excellent skills for leadership and, in fact, women, more than men, manifest leadership styles associated with effective performance as leaders. Nevertheless, more people prefer male than female bosses, and it is more difficult for women than men to become leaders and to succeed in male-dominated leadership roles. This mix of apparent advantage and disadvantage that women leaders experience reflects the considerable progress toward gender equality that has taken place in both attitudes and behavior, coupled with the lack of complete attainment of this goal. 相似文献
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Alice Chirico Vlad Petre Glaveanu Pietro Cipresso Giuseppe Riva Andrea Gaggioli 《创造力研究杂志》2018,30(2):123-131
Awe is a complex emotion characterized by feelings of vastness and a need for accommodation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the experience of awe impacts on peculiar dimensions of creative potential in terms of creative thinking. Fifty-two university students were exposed both to an awe-inducing 3D-video and to a neutral one in a within-subject design. After each video, participants reported the intensity and type of perceived emotion and completed two verbal tasks of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1974). A direct causal relationship between awe and creative thinking was tested using generalized linear model. Results showed that awe affected key creative thinking components—fluency, flexibility and elaboration measured by the product improvement test—compared to the neutral stimulus. Implications of these findings for future research and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
139.
Vivian I. Schneider Alice F. Healy James A. Kole Immanuel Barshi 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2018,25(2):681-687
The present study addresses the issue of whether spatial information impacts immediate verbatim recall of verbal navigation instructions. Subjects heard messages instructing them to move within a two-dimensional depiction of a three-dimensional space consisting of four stacked grids displayed on a computer screen. They repeated the instructions orally and then followed them manually by clicking with a mouse on the grids. Two groups with identical instructions were compared; they differed only in whether the starting position was indicated before or after the instructions were given and repeated, with no differences in the manual movements to be made. Accuracy on both the oral repetition and manual movement responses was significantly higher when the starting position was indicated before the instructions. The results are consistent with the proposal that there is only a single amodal mental representation, rather than distinct verbal and nonverbal representations, of navigation instructions. The advantage for the before condition was found even for the oral repetition responses, implying that the creation of the amodal representation occurred immediately, while the instructions were being held in working memory. In practical terms, the findings imply that being able to form a mental representation of the movement path while being given verbal navigation instructions should substantially facilitate memory for the instructions and execution of them. 相似文献
140.
Guilherme Welter Wendt Alice P. Jones Bartoli 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2018,27(2):131-146
This study aimed to: (a) comprehend the relationship between primary and secondary psychopathy variants and bullying behaviors in adults; (b) to test for mediation effects of the experiences of victimization in strengthening the bonds between bullying and psychopathy; and (c) to explore how far gender and psychopathic variants predict bullying. Results showed that psychopathy (both primary and secondary) and gender (male) significantly predicted bullying perpetrator behaviors. These same predictors were also significant in explaining total involvement with bullying; primary psychopathy displayed, however, better explanatory power. Being a victim of bullying also mediated the relationship between psychopathic variants and bullying perpetrating. The magnitude of the correlations between bullying and both psychopathic variants detected in this study were bigger than the average reported in studies with children and adolescents, which could inform about greater severity of these behaviors in adult life. Specifically, findings from regression analyses suggest that components of cold-blooded psychopathy could be driving the engagement of this sample with aggressive behaviors. Implications of these findings, along with limitations and directions for further research are discussed. 相似文献