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161.
Ali Jannati Thomas M. Spalek Vincent Di Lollo 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2013,75(6):1118-1127
Object substitution masking (OSM) occurs when an initial display of a target and mask continues with the mask alone, creating a mismatch between the reentrant hypothesis, triggered by the initial display, and the ongoing low-level activity. We tested the proposition that the critical factor in OSM is not whether the mask remains in view after target offset, but whether the representation of the mask is sufficiently stronger than that of the target when the reentrant signal arrives. In Experiment 1, a variable interstimulus interval (ISI) was inserted between the initial display and the mask alone. The trailing mask was presumed to selectively boost the strength of the mask representation relative to that of the target. As predicted, OSM occurred at intermediate ISIs, at which the mask was presented before the arrival of the reentrant signal, creating a mismatch, but not at long ISIs, at which a comparison between the reentrant signal and the low-level activity had already been made. Experiment 2, conducted in dark-adapted viewing, ruled out the possibility that low-level inhibitory contour interactions (metacontrast masking) had played a significant role in Experiment 1. Metacontrast masking was further ruled out in Experiment 3, in which the masking contours were reduced to four small dots. We concluded that OSM does not depend on extended presentation of the mask alone, but on a mismatch between the reentrant signals and the ongoing activity at the lower level. The present results place constraints on estimates of the timing of reentrant signals involved in OSM. 相似文献
162.
Jannati A Spalek TM Di Lollo V 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(4):1182-1192
Report of a second target (T2) is impaired when presented within 500 ms of the first (T1). This attentional blink (AB) is known to cause a delay in T2 processing during which T2 must be stored in a labile memory buffer. We explored the buffer's characteristics using different types of masks after T2. These characteristics were inferred by determining what attributes of T2 are hindered by a given form of masking. In Experiments 1-3, trailing metacontrast and four-dot masks produced ABs of equal magnitudes, implicating the onset-transient triggered by the mask as the mechanism underlying the AB and strongly suggesting a locus in early vision. In Experiment 4, metacontrast and four-dot masks were presented in a common-onset masking (COM) paradigm in which a brief, combined display of T2 and the mask was followed by a longer display of the mask alone. COM is thought to occur late in the sequence of processing events. No AB occurred with COM, confirming the critical role of the mask's onset transients and ruling out a high-level locus for the labile memory buffer. 相似文献
163.
The purpose of this study was to examine sexual self-esteem and perfectionism among Iranian women with and without overweight based on the role of age and education; and to investigate the relationships of sexual self-esteem, perfectionism, and body mass index in a sample of adult women. Participants were 200 women with and without overweight who were selected following a purposive sampling method from Shiraz City, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women (SSEI-W), and Perfectionism Inventory (PI) were used. Resulting data showed that women without overweight had higher total scores of sexual self-esteem and on the WWEI-W subscale of attractiveness compared with women who are overweight. Also, women who are overweight had higher total scores of perfectionism, as well as higher scores on subscales of interpersonal sensitivity and high standards for others compared to women without overweight. There was no significant effect for age and educational level on sexual self-esteem and perfectionism. The results demonstrated significantly negative relationships between overall sexual self-esteem, attractiveness subscale of sexual self-esteem, and body mass index. Also, the overall perfectionism and interpersonal sensitivity, striving for excellence, organization, and standards for others subscales of perfectionism had a significant positive relationship to the body mass index. 相似文献
164.
Ali Ery?lmaz 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2012,13(2):275-289
The aim of this study is to develop and test a subjective well-being model for adolescents in high school. A total of 255
adolescents in high school (131 female and 124 male) participated in this study. Data was collected by using the general needs
satisfaction questionnaire, questionnaire for the strategies to increase subjective well-being, life satisfaction questionnaire
and positive and negative affects questionnaire. The structural equation modelling method was used for analysis of the data.
The results of the analysis showed that in the original model, the individual variables and the total effect of variables
were directly and indirectly related to subjective well being of adolescents in high school. The direct and indirect effects
of the independent variables to subjective well-being were found significant. The findings suggest that to enhance the subjective
well-being of high school students, a combination of strategies and satisfaction of needs is essential. 相似文献
165.
Hayley E. P. Lagroix Thomas M. Spalek Brad Wyble Ali Jannati Vincent Di Lollo 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2012,74(8):1606-1622
Identification of the second of two targets (T2) is impaired when presented shortly after the first (T1). T1-based theories ascribe this attentional blink (AB) to a T1-initiated period of inattention. Distractor-based theories ascribe it to a disruption of input control caused by post-T1 distractors. The finding that an AB occurs without intertarget distractors (Nieuwenstein, Potter, & Theeuwes, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 35:159-169, 2009) seemingly disconfirms distractor-based theories. The present experiments addressed different ways in which distractor-based theories might account for that finding. Intertarget events were varied in four experiments. Experiment 1 replicated Nieuwenstein, Potter, and Theeuwes??s findings. The next two experiments tested two ways (lack of visual stimulation, violation of expectation) in which the blank intertarget interval might cause an AB. Experiment 4 explored whether backward-masking of T1 can account entirely for the larger AB obtained with intervening distractors or whether distractors also disrupt input control. The results disconfirm predictions from distractor-based theories and support the claim of T1-based theories that T1 processing alone is sufficient for the AB. Simulations based on the eSTST (Wyble, Bowman, & Nieuwenstein, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 35:787-807, 2009) and the B&B models (Olivers & Meeter, Psychological Research, 115, 836-863 2008) were compared. Predictions were more accurate from the T1-based theory (eSTST) than from the distractor-based theory (B&B). 相似文献
166.
Jadidi Ali Sadeghian Efat Khodaveisi Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(2):1514-1528
Journal of Religion and Health - Paying attention to and meeting the needs of people who are elderly helps to improve their health. Caring for the elderly includes addressing... 相似文献
167.
Jadidi Ali Khatiban Mahnaz Oshvandi Khodayar Khodaveisi Masoud Maghsoudi Zahra Razavi Mohammadreza 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(2):1529-1547
Journal of Religion and Health - Healthcare providers agree that promoting spirituality among older adults while caring for them increases their quality of life. However, there is little knowledge... 相似文献
168.
The notion of social welfare was created by the paradigm shift from duty-based to right-based morality, in which the satisfaction of human needs is a right in line with preserving human dignity. This paper investigates Kant’s view on social welfare in light of redistribution policy. Kant bases his political philosophy on external freedom. Notwithstanding the ethical principles of his philosophy, he is the first prominent thinker to clearly emphasize the necessity of a redistribution policy by the government toward providing for the needs of the poor and the needy. The important question remaining is whether or not the Kantian ideas of external freedom and redistribution for the sake of satisfying the right to social welfare can reach a compromise. It seems that Kant believes the redistribution policy to be not the right of the poor to be provided welfare by the state, but the right of the state, and as such, the states' right to task the people with providing for the welfare of the poor. Such a policy challenges the freedom of the wealthier class and apparently leads to an inconsistency between the two pillars of Kant’s sociopolitical philosophy. The current paper aims to find Kant’s response to this challenge by referring to his scattered arguments. 相似文献
169.
Taheri Ehsan Athar Mojtaba Elhami Ebrahimi Ali Atashipoor Hanieh Sadat Taheri Mohammad Mollaee Hasan 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2022,40(3):425-439
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy - The Personality Beliefs Questionnaire-Short Form (PBQ-SF) is the short-form version of PBQ (Beck and Beck in The personality belief... 相似文献
170.
Abolhasani Hamideh Golparvar Seyyed Ehsan Robatjazi Mohammad Ali 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2022,51(2):417-435
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Research on integrated writing tasks is increasing, while there is a paucity of empirical findings on graph-based writing, as one type of these tasks. The... 相似文献