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41.
Religion,Cultural Clash,and Muslim American Attitudes About Politically Motivated Violence 下载免费PDF全文
Gabriel A. Acevedo Ali R. Chaudhary 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2015,54(2):242-260
Does adherence to Islam predict attitudes about “suicide bombing” among American Muslims? This study examines the effects of religious and political factors on views of politically motivated violence (PMV). We draw from diverse scholarship, emphasizing arguments that are inspired by Samuel Huntington's Clash of Civilizations perspective, as well as recent work in the sociology of Islam. Using a measure that gauges support for “suicide bombing” from the 2007 Pew Survey of American Muslims, results from logistic regression models suggest that political views and religious factors have a minimal effect on Muslim American attitudes toward suicide bombing. Furthermore, we find that Qur’ānic authoritativeness (i.e., the view that the Qur’ān is the word of God and not written by men) is associated with lower odds of supporting this form of PMV. We discuss the implications of our findings for the often anecdotal and alarmist accounts that link Muslim religiosity to support for “radical” extremism. We close with study limitations and avenues of future research. 相似文献
42.
The authors investigated the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of young adolescents who had been directly involved in a disaster in Tehran. The participants were 19 chlidren who had survived a boat sinking in Tehran's city park in 2002. By using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (PSS; E. B. Foa, D. S. Riggs, C. V. Dancu, & B. O. Rothbaum, 1993) as well as a clinical interview based on the definition cited in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 424), 16 participants (84.2%) were diagnosed with PTSD using the PSS and 17 (89.5%) were diagnosed with PTSD using the psychiatric interview. 相似文献
43.
We present an analysis and results on the homogeneous nucleation of a dislocation loop under stress in a perfect crystal. By using a variational boundary integral method in the Peierls-Nabarro framework, we have determined the saddle-point configurations of embryonic dislocation loops and their associated activation energies under stress levels up to the ideal shear strength. The high-energy barriers under the usual levels of applied shear stresses, differing markedly from the ideal shear strength, confirm the widely held view that thermal motion should play no role in such nucleation. The result provides means for more definitive solutions of fundamental problems involving homogeneous nucleation of dislocation loops and has significant implications for models based on the mechanism of nucleation of dislocations from a perfect crystal. 相似文献
44.
Ghulam Ali Arain 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(8):613-627
This study investigated the impact of supervisors’ servant leadership (i.e., leadership that starts with a leader who wants to serve) on supervisees’ moral identity and subsequent in-role performance. Data from 226 supervisor–supervisee dyads were collected from several domestic and multinational companies operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the factorial validity of the measures that were employed in this study. The hypothesized moderated mediation model was tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Based on social learning theory, the results showed that supervisees’ moral identity served as the psychological mediating mechanism through which supervisors’ servant leadership led to supervisees’ increased in-role performance. Furthermore, the results also supported supervisees’ avoidance orientation as the dispositional boundary condition of this mediating effect. This study contributes to both the servant leadership and moral identity literatures by addressing questions with useful theoretical and managerial implications. 相似文献
45.
Are people more prosocial in a religious context? We addressed this question through an experiment. We randomly placed participants in the control group in a neutral location (a lecture hall), and we placed participants in the experimental group in a religious location (a chapel). The participants then took part in a one‐shot three‐person public goods game, which measured participants’ degree of cooperativeness. The results showed that participants in the experimental group cooperated significantly more than did participants in the control group. Furthermore, participants’ beliefs about other participants’ cooperativeness were more positive in the experimental group than they were in the control group. Improved expectations of others partially explained the enhanced cooperation in the religious context. We found no main or interaction effect of self‐reported religiosity in the experiment. 相似文献
46.
Patrick Grim Trina Kokalis Ali Tafti Nicholas Kilb 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2):179-197
We extend previous work on cooperation to some related questions regarding the evolution of simple forms of communication. The evolution of cooperation within the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma has been shown to follow different patterns, with significantly different outcomes, depending on whether the features of the model are classically perfect or stochastically imperfect (Axelrod, 1980a,b, 1984, 1985; Axelrod and Hamilton, 1981; Nowak and Sigmund, 1990, 1992; Sigmund, 1993). Our results here show that the same holds for communication. Within a simple model, the evolution of communication seems to require a stochastically imperfect world. 相似文献
47.
Ali Danışman 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(2):200-220
Based on the insight that culture shapes resistance to change in an organization, and the recognition that cultures of organizations are embedded in a broader societal culture, this study seeks to provide empirical evidence on how societal-based cultural understandings and values within an organization serve as a source of resistance to change among employees. The study is based on a case study of a medium-sized Turkish company. The study shows how certain managerial decisions toward a professionally running organizational design are difficult to implement due to societal-based patterns of understandings and meaning systems gathered around status, hierarchy, and emotion-based (personalized) relations in the company. 相似文献
48.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major social and public health problem that affects men and women across the globe regardless of their culture, religion and other demographic characteristics. During the last 100 years many different theories have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of IPV. Much research is been conducted using these theories as a guiding or underlying framework. However, it is difficult to find a single account that provides a succinct and up-to-date overview of these theories. As a result considerable effort is required to identify and retrieve relevant papers to understand the various theories which attempt to explain IPV. This article attempts to provide a succinct and up-to-date integrative review of the biological and psychological explanations of IPV. Both perspectives have been critically evaluated in the light of the available literature and an attempt has been made to discuss the strengths and limitations of each perspective in shedding light on the causation of IPV. 相似文献
49.
Ali Eryilmaz 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(7):680-689
The present study aims to focus on the strategies adopted by adults in seeking ways to increase happiness in their daily life and to determine whether or not significant differences exist between happiness levels in adults at the very beginning and the end of a four-month period. Sixty-eight adults who were found eligible were included in this study. The research method is of a mixed type. The distinguishing feature of this study is the experience sampling method employed. Positive–Negative Affect and Satisfaction with Life Scales, an experience sampling data form and a personal information form were used in the study. The study results show that adults adopt various strategies in order to get rid of their unhappiness and increase their happiness in three contexts. No statistical significance could be determined between the measurements achieved at the beginning and at the end of the study into the happiness of the participants. 相似文献
50.
The aim of the present study was to show that the probability of an item being retrieved is proportional to its spatial distinctiveness, and that this distinctiveness effect can be obtained in an implicit memory task. The participants were presented with two phases in which they had to categorise pictures of objects as either “kitchen utensils” or “do-it-yourself tools”. In our encoding phase, the pictures were successively presented in different positions on the screen. The positions were arranged in one of two different configurations: a “distinctive condition” in which the pictures were placed in two circles, one central and one peripheral, such that the distance between the pictures was greater when they were in a peripheral position than in a central position, and a “nondistinctive” condition, in which the distance between the pictures was constant irrespective of their central or peripheral position. In the test phase, the same pictures were presented for categorisation, mixed with new pictures at the centre of the screen. The results clearly confirmed our expectations. 相似文献