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251.
Although women evidently have higher depression levels than men and singles have higher depression levels than the married, the reasons for these differences are yet unclear. This paper investigates whether differences in the stress-producing circumstances of the lives of men and women, and the married and unmarried, might explain the differences in their levels of depression. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, we found that gender differences in depression were accounted for by chronic strains. Family-based strains and economic hardship are significant predictors of higher distress in women. Chronic strains also explain why variations in depression are more pronounced among the married than among the unmarried.Bowling Green State University 相似文献
252.
A protocol for the short treatment of fighting couples is described. The treatment consists of three training sessions in which homework assignments are given, aimed at enhancing self-control. The participants received exact instructions on how to monitor their anger, to take time out and to write to the partner in a structured manner, instead of expressing their anger in the usual way. A pre-/post-pilot study with nineteen couples shows that the couples improve significantly more during the training than in the pre-treatment baseline period. During the follow-up phase, the improvements are maintained. 相似文献
253.
The effect of different Retraining conditions on the scaling of random forms for recognizability was examined. Pretraining conditions were defined by exposure to recognition-discrimination problems structured to emphasize or de-emphasize metron variability. Analyses of the results of the scaling task indicated that exposure to problems designed to emphasize metron variability within the “compactness” and “jaggedness” physical dimensions resulted in more extensive use of those dimensions, while no similar effect resulted from training with problems emphasizing an “x-axis areal asymmetry” physical dimension. 相似文献
254.
Richard A. Owings Alfred A. Baumeister Richard A. Laine Mark H. Lewis 《Intelligence》1980,4(3):243-254
Three experiments were performed to assess memory scanning of shapes, colors, and shape-color compounds by retarded and nonretarded people. Attributes comprising compounds provided either redundant or nonredundant information. Large retarded-nonretarded differences in reaction time were obtained. In contrast to previous reports of slow scanning of digits and nonsense shapes by retarded people, scan rates for shapes and colors did not differ between groups. Retarded subjects were not characterized by a deficient scan rate. Although compound stimuli required twice as many attributes in their repersentation as did simple stimuli, they were not scanned more slowly, indicating that per item scan rate is not determined by the number of attributes required to define each item. Both groups were able to exploit redundant relevant information to achieve faster processing than in simple conditions. Decision rules for rejecting compound stimuli comprised one, two, or more binary tests. Groups did not differ in speed of performing elementary binary test(s). 相似文献
255.
256.
The results of a controlled experimental trial into an ultra-short protocolled treatment for quarrelling couples are reported. Fifty-five couples were randomly allocated to two treatment conditions and one waiting list/control condition. The treatment conditions focused on self-control by time-out including writing. In the interactional treatment the partners wrote letters to each other when they felt angry. In the individual treatment the partners were instructed to evaluate their own role in the conflict without sharing the writing with their partner. In accordance with expectactations, the quality of the relationship of the treated couples improved significantly compared to the waiting list control group. No differences were found between the two experimental conditions. 相似文献
257.
Alfred Kracher 《Zygon》2000,35(3):481-487
Stories about the divine are meant to help our imagination cope with what is ultimately not fully imaginable. In the process we make use of metaphors that rely on quantitative relationships to express the qualitative difference between the reality accessible to us and the transcendent reality of God. For example, because we have no notion of what it would mean to "be outside of time," eternity tends to be explained in terms of infinite temporality. With the increasingly bizarre and unimaginable worldview of contemporary physics, it is perhaps no longer clear what the difference is between the unknown and the unknowable, or even whether it is possible to articulate a meaningful difference. Science appears to have outrun theology in creating stories that engage our imagination. How to overcome the difficulties this raises, particularly with respect to a widening gulf between academic analysis and popular belief, is at present not clear. A "flight from metaphor" into formalized theory, although apparently valid in science, leads to a dead end in theology. A re-thinking of many traditional concepts, such as immanence and transcendence, seems to be indicated. 相似文献
258.
259.
Societal pressures, accreditation organizations, and licensing agencies are emphasizing the importance of ethics in the engineering
curriculum. Traditionally, this subject has been taught using dogma, heuristics, and case study approaches. Most recently
a number of organizations have sought to increase the utility of these approaches by utilizing the Internet. Resources from
these organizations include on-line courses and tests, videos, and DVDs. While these individual approaches provide a foundation
on which to base engineering ethics, they may be limited in developing a student’s ability to identify, analyze, and respond
to engineering ethics situations outside of the classroom environment. More effective approaches utilize a combination of
these types of approaches. This paper describes the design and development of an internet based interactive Simulator for
Engineering Ethics Education. The simulator places students in first person perspective scenarios involving different types
of ethical situations. Students must gather data, assess the situation, and make decisions. This requires students to develop
their own ability to identify and respond to ethical engineering situations. A limited comparison between the internet based
interactive simulator and conventional internet web based instruction indicates a statistically significant improvement of
32% in instructional effectiveness. The simulator is currently being used at the University of Houston to help fulfill ABET
requirements. 相似文献
260.
If and Then: A Critique of Speculative NanoEthics 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
Alfred Nordmann 《Nanoethics》2007,1(1):31-46
Most known technology serves to ingeniously adapt the world to the physical and mental limitations of human beings. Humankind
has acquired awesome power with its rather limited means. Nanotechnological capabilities further this power. On some accounts,
however, nanotechnological research will contribute to a rather different kind of technological development, namely one that
changes human beings so as to remove or reduce their physical and mental limitations. The prospect of this technological development
has inspired a fair amount of ethical debate. Here, proponents and opponents of such visions of human enhancement are criticized
alike for engaging in speculative ethics. This critique exposes a general pattern that extends to other nano-, bio-, or neuroethical
debates. While it does not apply to all discussions of “enhancement technologies” it does apply to all ethical discourse that
constructs and validates an incredible future which it only then proceeds to endorse or critique. This discourse violates
conditions of intelligibility, squanders the scarce and valuable resource of ethical concern, and misleads by casting remote
possibilities or philosophical thought-experiments as foresight about likely technical developments. In effect, it deflects
consideration from the transformative technologies of the present.
相似文献
Alfred NordmannEmail: |