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321.
Researchers have found that disrespectful behaviour can have a notable psychological impact on victims and observers thereof. It is not surprising, therefore, that law and all the major psychology codes of ethics acknowledge the principle of respect for the dignity of persons. The practical implications of this principle, however, are not clear. In this article we argue, with reference to the philosophical roots of the principle, that there are rules of manners in all societies that describe how people should demonstrate respect for persons. Generally, the profession cannot require psychologists to adhere to the rules of manners, not even those that demonstrate respect for persons, but it can, and does, prescribe to psychologists how they should act while they practice as psychologists. We proceed to examine the principles and standards of the Australian Psychology Society's Code of Ethics (2007) that require psychologists to demonstrate respect for persons while acting as psychologists. 相似文献
322.
Our premise is that ethics is the essence of good forensic practice and that mental health professionals must adhere to the ethical principles, standards, and guidelines of their professional bodies when they communicate their findings and opinions. We demonstrate that adhering to ethical principles can improve the quality of forensic reports and communications. We demonstrate this by focusing on the most basic principles that underlie professional ethical standards and guidelines, namely, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Respecting Rights and Dignity of Persons, and Justice and Fairness. For each principle we offer a brief definition and explain its demands. Then we identify ways in which the principle can guide the organization, content, or style of forensic mental health report writing, offering illustrative examples that demonstrate or abuse the principle. 相似文献
323.
Alfred R. Mele 《Metaphilosophy》2014,45(4-5):543-557
This essay sketches a problem about luck for typical incompatibilist views of free will posed in Alfred Mele, Free Will and Luck (2006), and examines recent reactions to that problem. Reactions featuring appeals to agent causation receive special attention. Because the problem is focused on decision making, the control that agents have over what they decide is a central topic. Other topics discussed include the nature of lucky action and differences between directly and indirectly free actions. 相似文献
324.
Wonkam A Njamnshi AK Mbanya D Ngogang J Zameyo C Angwafo FF 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):476-485
Little is known about attitudes of parents of Sickle Cell Anemia patients in sub-Saharan Africa regarding prenatal genetic
diagnosis and termination of an affected pregnancy. In this study, structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with
a sample of 130 parents in Cameroon that had at least one living child with Sickle Cell Anemia. The majority of participants
lived in urban areas (89%), were female (80%), Christian (93%), married (60.2%) in monogamous households (81.1%), were employed
(61.7%), and had at least a secondary or tertiary education (82%). The majority of parents accepted the principle of prenatal
genetic diagnosis for Sickle Cell Anemia (89.8%) and termination of pregnancy (62.5%). Acceptance of the principle of pregnancy
termination increased with unemployment (p < .01) and single marital status (p < .05). The results of this study suggest Cameroonian parents with children affected with Sickle Cell Anemia generally accept
the principles of prenatal diagnosis and in some cases termination of a pregnancy affected with Sickle Cell Anemia. Additional
findings, policy and practice implications, and research recommendations are presented. 相似文献
325.
Felber M Schabmann A Inschlag N Karesch L Ponocny-Seliger E Friedrich MH Völkl-Kernstock S 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):400-409
Using the example of a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), a painful radiological procedure, this study investigated whether
parental soothing behavior (reassuring comments like “it’s almost over” or “You’re O.K.” and soothing by “sh, sh”) in one
phase of the procedure influenced the child’s distress in the following phase. The sample was comprised of 68 2–8 year-old
children and the accompanying parent(s). Child and parental behavior during the VCUG was coded using a standardized rating
scale (CAMPIS-R). Parental reassurance during the anticipatory phase significantly increased the child’s distress of the following
phase, while parental “sh, sh” significantly reduced it. Both parental behaviors showed no significant effect on the child’s
distress of the following phase when applied during the procedure itself. Results underline the importance of differentiating
between anticipatory and procedural phases of the VCUG. Counselling methods for parents on more appropriate strategies to
assist their children during procedural phases of the VCUG are necessary. 相似文献
326.
Baldwin SA Murray DM Shadish WR Pals SL Holland JM Abramowitz JS Andersson G Atkins DC Carlbring P Carroll KM Christensen A Eddington KM Ehlers A Feaster DJ Keijsers GP Koch E Kuyken W Lange A Lincoln T Stephens RS Taylor S Trepka C Watson J 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2011,40(1):15-33
It is essential that outcome research permit clear conclusions to be drawn about the efficacy of interventions. The common practice of nesting therapists within conditions can pose important methodological challenges that affect interpretation, particularly if the study is not powered to account for the nested design. An obstacle to the optimal design of these studies is the lack of data about the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which measures the statistical dependencies introduced by nesting. To begin the development of a public database of ICC estimates, the authors investigated ICCs for a variety outcomes reported in 20 psychotherapy outcome studies. The magnitude of the 495 ICC estimates varied widely across measures and studies. The authors provide recommendations regarding how to select and aggregate ICC estimates for power calculations and show how researchers can use ICC estimates to choose the number of patients and therapists that will optimize power. Attention to these recommendations will strengthen the validity of inferences drawn from psychotherapy studies that nest therapists within conditions. 相似文献
327.
328.
What role do celebrities play in our moral lives? Philosophers have explored the potential for celebrities to function as moral exemplars and role models. We argue that there are more ways in which celebrities play a role in helping us navigate our moral lives. First, gossiping about celebrities helps us negotiate our moral norms and identify competing styles of life. Second, fandom for celebrities serves as the basis for the development of distinct moral communities and identities. Third, celebrities possess high levels of epistemic power which can be used to help change and adapt our moral norms. We will then investigate two kinds of problems that arise from using celebrities in this way. Firstly, harm is done to celebrities because they are used in the ways explained in the first part of the article; secondly, celebrity life has a distinctive nature that can affect the moral agency of celebrities. Fame, we suggest, might lead to a morally unhealthy asymmetry in human relationships. We end by discussing the ethical implications of our analysis and conclude that when using stars for moral navigation, we should take into account the harm this does to them and the distinctive nature of their lives. 相似文献
329.
Alfred Breitkopf 《Erkenntnis》1978,12(2):229-247
Ohne Zusammenfassung
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330.