还存在知识分子吗?--意大利的案例

文化不再评判社会何谓知识分子,知识分子是否依然存在,抑或他们如今正消失于体现高雅文化与大众文化混合的一个广泛的“文化中产阶级”之中,对于诸如此类问题的理解从来并非易事。然而,在年代上毋需追溯到很远的过去,知识分子肯定是存在的。不管他们是否认同为权力服务的倾向,也不管他们有否(甚至是英勇地)实现自己的特殊品德的历史使命感(从苏格拉底到焦尔达诺·布鲁诺,以及兰波、维特根斯坦或者奥韦尔,不乏各种不同模式),知识分子无不确立了某些特殊形态的不稳定行为:得到承认的愿望,权力意志,自命不凡,自我惩罚式的苦行主义。如果说他们…     

Short-term memory performance in the absence of phonological coding

These experiments examined the short-term memory performance of an aphasic patient with posterior damage who shows a selective deficit in phonological coding. In recognition memory tests, the patient relied on both visual and semantic coding, and often showed an essentially normal level of accuracy. However, for memory sets consisting of four function words, his performance was quite impaired. Also, his retention of order information was far below that of normal controls. The implications of these deficits in short-term memory for language comprehension and production are discussed.