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101.
Irving Lewis Allen 《Sex roles》1984,11(1-2):43-50
The historical inventory of derogatory names for women of ethnic outgroups displays, in intensified form, the strains of traditional male sex roles—and subsequent aggression—both in ethnic and gender relations. Epithets for ethnic women derogate both sex and ethnic roles. The words are aimed disproportionately at women of racial minorities; stereotype physical differences between ethnic groups; and make derogatory sexual allusions, often using food and animal metaphors. 相似文献
102.
The shared parenting literature is replete with rhetoric and relatively bereft of empirical data. In an effort to redress the balance, this study presents the preliminary results of the questionnaire responses of 201 parents involved in a shared parenting arrangement. The findings are presented in six substantive areas. Discussion of these results stresses the viability of shared parenting as a custody option and the need to differentiate carefully between those for whom shared parenting is an appropriate custody option and those for whom it is contraindicated. 相似文献
103.
104.
Irving M. Rosen M.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1991,30(2):93-98
There has been a quiet buildup of interest in spirituality within psychiatry. However, spirituality tends to be a vague and fuzzy concept to psychiatrists and probably to other psychotherapists. The field is surprisingly large, and there is space in this paper only to present a skeletal outline of the cognitive aspects of it. My observations come from spiritual issues discussion groups for inpatients and a religion and psychiatry clinic for outpatients at Butler Hospital.This paper is modified from one presented as part of a symposium in Spirituality and Psychotherapy at the Annual Convention of the American Psychiatric Association in New York City, May 14, 1990. 相似文献
105.
106.
Irving Biederman 《Memory & cognition》1973,1(3):383-386
State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14226 Ss performed mental arithmetic problems in which they added, subtracted, or multiplied two one-digit numbers. The presentation order of the operator symbol and the digits was varied. With three possible operators, presentation of the operator prior to the digits (OD) led to faster RTs. With two possible operators, the opposite order (digits prior to operator, DO) led to faster RTs, because RTs in the OD condition were unaffected by the number of possible operators. These results are discussed in terms of the trade off between accessing active memory for a small number of items in the DO condition vs retrieving information from relatively large tables in long-term memory in the OD condition. 相似文献
107.
Subjects could receive assistance on a difficult logic problem either by requesting help or by accepting an offer of aid from a helper. Normativeness of help seeking and presence of an incentive for correct completion of the task were also varied. Results of the study indicated that more help was obtained in the offer condition and that subjects liked the helper more when help was offered than when it was requested. The normativeness and incentive variables did not produce the expected effects. Negative consequences of requesting help were interpreted in terms of attribution theory, and the implications of these findings for help-delivery systems were discussed. 相似文献
108.
This study explored the relationship between self-reported attitudes toward “masculinity-femininity” and nonverbal behavior as judged by peers. Subjects (Ss) were preselected using an Mf questionnaire into: high-“feminine” males (N = 16) and females (N = 15) and low-feminine males (N = 16) and females (N = 15). The 62 Ss were videotaped in a 5-min standardized interview. Peer-age judges (Js) then viewed the videotapes without sound and asked to check which of the 170 adjectives describe Ss. Some Js were asked to rate average college male and female. A large number of adjectives discriminated the sexes (91 out of 170). Women were more often seen as warm, affable, oversocialized, emotional, and unstable. Men were seen as forceful, dominant, and detached. Sixty-two adjectives discriminated high- and low-feminine women. Feminine women were seen as warm, affable, oversocialized, and submissive, while low-feminine women were seen as dominant. High-feminine men were described as impulsive, dominant, and socially uneasy, while low-feminine men were seen as oversocialized and conventional. 相似文献
109.
110.
Zachary C. Irving Aaron Glasser Alison Gopnik Verity Pinter Chandra Sripada 《Cognitive Science》2020,44(10):e12908
Although mind-wandering research is rapidly progressing, stark disagreements are emerging about what the term “mind-wandering” means. Four prominent views define mind-wandering as (a) task-unrelated thought, (b) stimulus-independent thought, (c) unintentional thought, or (d) dynamically unguided thought. Although theorists claim to capture the ordinary understanding of mind-wandering, no systematic studies have assessed these claims. Two large factorial studies present participants (N = 545) with vignettes that describe someone's thoughts and ask whether her mind was wandering, while systematically manipulating features relevant to the four major accounts of mind-wandering. Dynamics explains between four and 40 times more variance in participants' mind-wandering judgments than other features. Our third study (N = 153) tests and supports a unique prediction of the dynamic framework—obsessive rumination contrasts with mind-wandering. Our final study (N = 277) used vignettes that resemble mind-wandering experiments. Dynamics had significant and large effects, while task-unrelatedness was nonsignificant. These results strongly suggest that the central feature of mind-wandering is its dynamics. 相似文献