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161.
Nicolas Guéguen Alexandre Pascual Fabien Silone Mathieu David 《The Journal of social psychology》2015,155(6):541-544
Earlier research reported that using pictures in a fundraising request increases donations by legitimizing the solicitation. The present study tested the effectiveness of a solicitation for money made in the street when an object that legitimated the request was present or not. Male confederates asked passersby for money to buy a stamp while either holding or not holding an envelope in one hand. With a high effect-size, it was reported that the presence of the envelope increased compliance with the request. The legitimation of the request associated with the presence of the envelope is used to explain the results. 相似文献
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164.
Sue Morris Kristen Schaefer Erlene Rosowsky 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2018,25(4):463-470
The aim of this study was to explore the current practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in providing bereavement care to elderly patients, with implications for medical education. A total of 63 PCPs answered a brief online survey about their typical practices, barriers, comfort level with bereavement, and confidence in their ability to diagnose prolonged grief disorder (PGD). They were recruited through an online newsletter and contacts of one of the authors. The results found that two-thirds of the PCPs do not routinely screen their elderly patients for recent losses, nor do they refer to mental health clinicians when loss is identified. Barriers included not learning of the deaths in patients’ lives and lack of time during clinic visits. Those PCPs who had experienced their own losses were significantly more comfortable in speaking to patients about recent losses and more confident in their ability to diagnose PGD. We recommend bereavement education be incorporated into the medical school curriculum from the outset, utilizing the psychological principle of graded exposure to bereaved individuals. 相似文献
165.
Wolfram Boucsein Florian Schaefer Evgeni N. Sokolov Christina Schröder John J. Furedy 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(2):137-153
A framework for accounting for emotional phenomena proposed by Sokolov and Boucsein (2000) employs conceptual dimensions that
parallel those of hue, brightness, and saturation in color vision. The approach that employs the concepts of emotional quality,
intensity, and saturation has been supported by psychophysical emotional scaling data gathered from a few trained observers.
We report cortical evoked potential data obtained during the change between different emotions expressed in schematic faces.
Twenty-five subjects (13 male, 12 female) were presented with a positive, a negative, and a neutral computer-generated face
with random interstimulus intervals in a within-subjects design, together with four meaningful and four meaningless control
stimuli made up from the same elements. Frontal, central, parietal, and temporal ERPs were recorded from each hemisphere.
Statistically significant outcomes in the P300 and N200 range support the potential fruitfulness of the proposed color-vision-model-based
approach to human emotional space. 相似文献
166.
In the field of songbird research, many studies have shown the role of male songs in territorial defense and courtship. Calling,
another important acoustic communication signal, has received much less attention, however, because calls are assumed to contain
less information about the emitter than songs do. Birdcall repertoire is diverse, and the role of calls has been found to
be significant in the area of social interaction, for example, in pair, family, and group cohesion. However, standard methods
for studying calls do not allow precise and systematic study of their role in communication. We propose herein a new method
to study bird vocal interaction. A closed-loop computer system interacts with canaries, Serinus canaria, by (1) automatically classifying two basic types of canary vocalization, single versus repeated calls, as they are produced
by the subject, and (2) responding with a preprogrammed call type recorded from another bird. This computerized animal–machine
interaction requires no human interference. We show first that the birds do engage in sustained interactions with the system,
by studying the rate of single and repeated calls for various programmed protocols. We then show that female canaries differentially
use single and repeated calls. First, they produce significantly more single than repeated calls, and second, the rate of
single calls is associated with the context in which they interact, whereas repeated calls are context independent. This experiment
is the first illustration of how closed-loop bird–computer interaction can be used productively to study social relationships. 相似文献
167.
168.
In a recent review of various physical self-concept instruments, Marsh and Cheng (in press) noted that the very short 12-item version of the French Physical Self-Inventory (PSI-VS) represents an important contribution to applied research but that further research was needed to investigate the robustness of its psychometric properties in new and diversified samples. The present study was designed to answer these questions based on a sample of 1103 normally achieving French adolescents. The results show that the PSI-VS measurement model is quite robust and fully invariant across subgroups of students formed according to gender, weight, age and ethnicity. The results also confirm the convergent validity and scale score reliability of the PSI-VS subscales. 相似文献
169.
Perceiving musical rhythms can be considered a process of attentional chunking over time, driven by accent patterns. A rhythmic
structure can also be generated internally, by placing a subjective accent pattern on an isochronous stimulus train. Here,
we investigate the event-related potential (ERP) signature of actual and subjective accents, thus disentangling low-level
perceptual processes from the cognitive aspects of rhythm processing. The results show differences between accented and unaccented
events, but also show that different types of unaccented events can be distinguished, revealing additional structure within
the rhythmic pattern. This structure is further investigated by decomposing the ERP into subcomponents, using principal component
analysis. In this way, the processes that are common for perceiving a pattern and self-generating it are isolated, and can
be visualized for the tasks separately. The results suggest that top-down processes have a substantial role in the cerebral
mechanisms of rhythm processing, independent of an externally presented stimulus. 相似文献
170.
Baillargeon RH Morisset A Keenan K Normand CL Jeyaganth S Boivin M Tremblay RE 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2011,172(3):221-251
Researchers know relatively little about the normative development of children's behaviors aimed at alleviating distress or discomfort in others. In this article, the authors aim to describe the continuity and discontinuity in the degree to which young children in the general population are reported to exhibit specific prosocial behaviors. Data came from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Consistent with Hay's model of prosocial development, the results show that there were about as many children who stopped exhibiting prosocial behaviors between 29 and 41 months of age as there were children who started doing so during this period. Further, gender differences (girls > boys) in prosocial behaviors are either emerging or at least increasing in magnitude, with girls being more likely to start and boys being more likely to stop exhibiting these behaviors between 29 and 41 months of age. Consistent with the early-onset hypothesis, children who exhibit prosocial behaviors at 17 months of age are less likely to stop exhibiting the same behaviors between 29 and 41 months of age. Otherwise, if they did not exhibit prosocial behaviors at 29 months of age, they are also more likely to start doing so in the following year. 相似文献