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281.
Die Posttraumatische Belastungsst?rung (PTBS, engl.: posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD) wird klinisch charakterisiert durch
die Symptomtrias „Wiedererinnern“ (so genannte intrusive Symptomatik, engl.: re-experiencing), „Vermeidung und Bet?ubung“
(engl.: avoidance and numbing) und „vegetative übererregbarkeit“ (engl.: increased arousal). Diese St?rung stellt insofern
eine Ausnahme des ph?nomenologisch-beschreibenden, diagnostischen Ansatzes der modernen psychiatrischen Diagnosesysteme dar,
als sie einen eindeutigen ?tiologischen Bezug nimmt – n?mlich auf ein erlebtes Trauma. Im Folgenden sollen spezielle Aspekte
der PTBS zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der Erfassung des St?rungsbildes sowie betreffend Diagnose, Risiko-und Resilienzfaktoren,
Neurobiologie und Therapie dargestellt werden. 相似文献
282.
Two experiments using event-related potentials (ERPs) examined the extent to which early traumatic experiences affect children's ability to regulate voluntary and involuntary attention to threat. The authors presented physically abused and nonabused comparison children with conflicting auditory and visual emotion cues, posed by children's mothers or a stranger, to examine the effect of emotion, modality, and poser familiarity on attention regulation. Relative to controls, abused children overattended to task-relevant visual and auditory anger cues. They also attended more to task-irrelevant auditory anger cues. Furthermore, the degree of attention allocated to threat statistically mediated the relationship between physical abuse and child-reported anxiety. These findings indicate that extreme emotional experiences may promote vulnerability for anxiety by influencing the development of attention regulation abilities. 相似文献
283.
284.
In this paper we introduce a latent variable model (LVM) for mixed ordinal and continuous responses, where covariate effects
on the continuous latent variables are modelled through a flexible semiparametric Gaussian regression model. We extend existing
LVMs with the usual linear covariate effects by including nonparametric components for nonlinear effects of continuous covariates
and interactions with other covariates as well as spatial effects. Full Bayesian modelling is based on penalized spline and
Markov random field priors and is performed by computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. We apply
our approach to a German social science survey which motivated our methodological development.
We thank the editor and the referees for their constructive and helpful comments, leading to substantial improvements of a
first version, and Sven Steinert for computational assistance. Partial financial support from the SFB 386 “Statistical Analysis
of Discrete Structures” is also acknowledged. 相似文献
285.
The current 5-year accelerated longitudinal investigation modeled the developmental trajectories of aggressive behaviors in 10,107 predominantly minority (>70%; African American, American Indian, Asian American, and Hispanic) children and early adolescents (Kindergarten through 8th grade, 49% female youth) from lower to lower-middle socioeconomic strata. Based on a two-part latent growth model, findings suggest that the probability and frequency of aggressive behavior use decreases slightly (linear) through the elementary school years and then increases as children move into middle school (quadratic). Though mean level differences were found across ethnic and racial groups, socioeconomic strata, and particularly by sex at initial status, rates of change over time across all groups were invariant. Findings suggest that potential socialization differences, if any, occur pre-Kindergarten in all groups. 相似文献
286.
We investigated processing of metaphoric sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen healthy subjects (6 female, 11 male) read 60 novel short German sentence pairs with either metaphoric or literal meaning and performed two different tasks: judging the metaphoric content and judging whether the sentence has a positive or negative connotation. Laterality indices for 8 regions of interest were calculated: Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part and triangular part), superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus, temporal pole, and hippocampus. A left lateralised network was activated with no significant differences in laterality between the two tasks. The lowest degree of laterality was found in the temporal pole. Other factors than metaphoricity per se might trigger right hemisphere recruitment. Results are discussed in the context of lesion and hemifield studies. 相似文献
287.
Mark Hartswood Ph.D. Alexander Voß M.Sc. Ph.D. student Rob Procter Mark Rouncefield Roger Slack Robin Williams 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2001,14(3):90-108
We report on our experiences in a participatory design project to develop ICTs in a hospital ward working with deliberate
self-harm patients. This project involves the creation and constant re-creation of socio-technical ensembles that satisfy
the various, changing and often contradictory and conflicting needs in this context. Such systems are shaped in locally meaningful
ways but nevertheless reach beyond their immediate context to gain wider importance and to be integrated with the larger environment.
currently working on a participatory design project developing IT systems for psychiatrists working in a toxicology ward of
a large general hospital.
His research focuses on the local co-production of technologies which he currently explores in a production management context.
His research interests lie in the field of human factors and interactive systems design, particularly approaches to IT systems
design and development, the relationships between work and technology, and inter-disciplinary approaches to the design of
dependable computing systems.
carrying out a number of ethnomethodologically informed studies in a variety of applications.
He holds a Ph.D. in ethnomethodology from the University of Manchester and is currently involved in research on computer-aided
prompting systems for radiological work. He has interests in ethnomethodology, CSCW, SSK and the philosophy of social sciences.
where he convenes an interdisciplinary research programme on ‘the social shaping of technology’. 相似文献
288.
Hanan A. Alexander 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2001,22(1):5-17
In western religion we are accustomed to conceiving God in political terms as King, Ruler, or Lawgiver. This often results in a coercive conception of religion and education in which people are forced to do and believe that to which they would otherwise object. This essay explores images of God found in rabbinic readings of the Hebrew Bible as teacher and parent. These images form the basis of a non-coercive view of religion and education rooted in cultivation, nurture, and persuasion rather than force. According to this account, the authority of religious and educational leaders should be grounded in moral purpose rather than the exercise of power. 相似文献
289.
290.
Alexander Agadjanian 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2001,40(3):351-366
This close analysis of the printed media discourse in post-Communist Russia shows various ways of using religious cultural capital in reifying the Russian national identity. This blossoming public religion, contrasted with the generally low level of religiosity as reported by the surveys, became a new phenomenon comparable to similar patterns on an international scale. In the Russian case, the major themes of this public discourse are "spiritual entropy,""symphony" of state-church relations, religious diversity (pluralism), and the search for a religiously legitimized "national idea." 相似文献