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761.
Alex C. Michalos 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2010,8(4):253-258
In this essay brief sketches of three historical cases of unacknowledged authorship are offered to remind readers that unacknowledged
authorship has been and still may be viewed in different ways given different contexts and purposes. Reflecting on these cases
and many others that come to mind, it seems that the contemporary scene concerning unacknowledged authorship does not indicate
a huge deterioration of research or publishing integrity. Following the brief historical journey, overviews of two contemporary
cases are presented to illustrate some difficulties that editors and publishers have today that those in earlier historic
periods could not have had, as well as some suggested procedures for managing such difficulties. 相似文献
762.
Alex Feldt 《Dao》2010,9(3):323-337
Within the literature, Daoist political philosophy has often been linked with anarchism. While some extended arguments have
been offered in favor of this conclusion, I take this position to be tenuous and predicated on an assumption that coercive
authority cannot be applied through wuwei. Focusing on the Laozi as the fundamental political text of classical Daoism, I lay out a general account of why one ought to be skeptical of classifying
it as anarchistic. Keeping this skepticism in mind and recognizing the importance of wuwei in arguments for the anarchist conclusion, I provide a non-anarchistic interpretation of wuwei as a political technique that is consistent with the text of the Laozi. Having presented a plausible alternative to the anarchist understanding of wuwei, I close my discussion with a brief sketch of a positive account of the political theory of the Laozi. 相似文献
763.
We examined two forms of top-down effects on visual selection: (1) information held in working memory (WM) and (2) the semantic
relations between targets and distractors. We found that items held in WM affected search for a different target. This WM-based
interference effect generalized across different exemplars, even though participants could remember the specific exemplar
on the trial. This argues against a memory top-up account of performance. In addition, there was interference from distractors that were not held in WM but were semantically
related to the target. The effects of WM capture and the effects of capture by a distractor related to the target combined
additively. The data suggest that task-irrelevant information in WM and task-relevant templates for targets compete separately
for selection. The implications for understanding top-down processes in search are discussed. 相似文献
764.
765.
Dr Craig J. Gonsalvez Alex R. Hains Gerard Stoyles 《Australian journal of psychology》2010,62(2):93-102
The study examined the relationship between religion and symptoms of psychopathology, particularly obsessive‐compulsive (OC) and scrupulosity symptoms. Religious affiliation, religiosity variables (strength of faith, religious application, the beliefs about God's nature), and cognitive factors (e.g., obsessive beliefs) were studied as predictors of OC and scrupulosity symptoms in 179 non‐clinical participants. The main groups (Catholic, Protestant, and no religion) were not different with regard to measures of wellbeing or symptoms of general psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and stress), but were different with regard to OC symptoms. Consistent with cognitive theory, OC beliefs strongly predicted both OC and scrupulosity symptoms, even when general levels of psychopathology were controlled. Religion bore a less major but significant association with OC phenomena. Religious affiliation (being Catholic) was associated with higher levels of OC symptoms, and higher levels of personal religiosity (strength of faith) were associated with higher levels of scrupulosity. 相似文献
766.
Anna Franklin Paul Sowden Leslie Notman Melissa Gonzalez-Dixon Dorotea West Iona Alexander Stephen Loveday Alex White 《Developmental science》2010,13(1):188-200
Atypical perception in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is well documented ( Dakin & Frith, 2005 ). However, relatively little is known about colour perception in ASD. Less accurate performance on certain colour tasks has led some to argue that chromatic discrimination is reduced in ASD relative to typical development ( Franklin, Sowden, Burley, Notman & Alder, 2008 ). The current investigation assessed chromatic discrimination in children with high-functioning autism (HFA) and typically developing (TD) children matched on age and non-verbal cognitive ability, using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test (Experiment 1) and a threshold discrimination task (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, more errors on the chromatic discrimination task were made by the HFA than the TD group. Comparison with test norms revealed that performance for the HFA group was at a similar level to typically developing children around 3 years younger. In Experiment 2, chromatic thresholds were elevated for the HFA group relative to the TD group. For both experiments, reduced chromatic discrimination in ASD was due to a general reduction in chromatic sensitivity rather than a specific difficulty with either red–green or blue–yellow subsystems of colour vision. The absence of group differences on control tasks ruled out an explanation in terms of general task ability rather than chromatic sensitivity. Theories to account for the reduction in chromatic discrimination in HFA are discussed, and findings are related to cortical models of perceptual processing in ASD. 相似文献
767.
Daniela Renger Alex Mommert Sophus Renger Marcel Miché Bernd Simon 《Basic and applied social psychology》2019,41(1):34-47
In this research, we tested equality-based respect from ingroup members as a social antecedent of positive assertiveness (i.e., voicing one’s opinions) and group performance. A pretest with employees at the workplace supported that the variables of interest were indeed correlated. The main experimental study then confirmed that participants who had received high as compared with low intragroup respect displayed more assertive behavior and yielded higher group performance in dyadic intragroup discussions. In contrast, high intergroup respect (i.e., from outgroup members) lowered assertiveness and performance levels in intergroup interactions relative to low respect. We discuss implications for social interactions and discourses. 相似文献
768.
M. Blair Evans Scott Graupensperger Alex J. Benson Mark Eys Bryce Hastings Jinger S. Gottschall 《Psychology & health》2019,34(6):715-732
Objective: How can we distinguish between a collection of individuals exercising alongside one another from group that is exercising ‘together’? This question is central to research on the extent that individuals perceive their fitness settings to entail core features of groups. To advance understanding of the nature of groupness and its implications in exercise, the current study (a) evaluated a brief measure of groupness and (b) examined the extent that groupness predicted perceptions of exertion and affect.Design: Participants included 633 exercisers (Mage?=?33.92, SD?=?11.05, 74% female) who completed surveys after group fitness classes (k?=?34).Main outcome measures: Groupness, affect, exertion, and group cohesion.Results: Exploratory structural equation modelling provided support for a two-factor solution reflecting entitativity and group structure as subdimensions of groupness. The groupness factors were differentially associated with theoretically relevant aspects of classes (e.g. synchronised movement), the individual (e.g. number of members interacted with), as well as group cohesion. Groupness also predicted perceived exertion and affect.Conclusion: Our research provides support for a brief measure of groupness, advances theory related to how individuals perceive exercise groups, and provides evidence regarding how broader experiences during exercise may relate to exercisers’ perceptions of groupness. 相似文献
769.
770.
Children’s ability to exercise self-regulation is a key predictor of academic, behavioural, and life outcomes, but the developmental dynamics of children’s self-regulation are not adequately understood. We investigated how children’s self-regulation skills and harsh parental discipline reciprocally predict each other across 12,474 children at ages three, five, and seven in the U.K. (Millennium Cohort Study). Cross-lagged structural equation models indicated that high initial levels of harsh parental discipline predicted lower subsequent self-regulation, which then reciprocally predicted higher levels of harsh parental discipline. Conversely, high initial levels of child self-regulation predicted lower subsequent harsh parental discipline. Implications for policy and interventions are discussed. 相似文献