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751.
Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Alex Linley John Maltby Alex M. Wood Gabrielle Osborne Robert Hurling 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):878-884
The nature and structure of well-being is a topic that has garnered increasing interest with the emergence of positive psychology. Limited research to date suggests two separate but related factors of subjective well-being and psychological well-being. Subjective well-being comprises an affective component of the balance between positive and negative affect, together with a cognitive component of judgments about one’s life satisfaction. Psychological well-being is conceptualised as having six components, including positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, purpose in life and personal growth. In the current study, we used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being in a series of large UK samples. Analyses showed that subjective well-being and psychological well-being loaded separately onto two independent but related factors, consistent with previous research. Further, we demonstrated that these loadings did not vary according to gender, age or ethnicity, providing further support for the robustness of this higher order factor structure. The discussion locates these findings in context and explores future research directions on the associations between subjective and psychological well-being over time. 相似文献
752.
For many, the concept of videogame addiction seems far-fetched, particularly if their concepts and definitions of addiction
involve the taking of drugs. This paper overviews the small, but growing area of videogame addiction and then examines the
treatment options available for those affected by excessive videogame playing. An overview of the available empirical literature
appears to indicate that adverse effects are likely to affect only a relatively small subgroup of players and that frequent
players are the most at-risk for developing problems. Worldwide, there are relatively few practitioners that specialise in
the treatment of videogame addiction and this may be because there are so few players who are genuinely addicted to playing
videogames. However, the Internet may be facilitating excessive online game playing as evidenced by the increasing number
of specialist addiction treatment clinics for online videogame addiction. This paper overviews the various approaches that
have been used as an intervention in treating videogame addicts, including online support groups, 12-step programmes, behavioural
and cognitive-behavioural therapies, and motivational interviewing. 相似文献
753.
The 'content view', in slogan form, is 'Perceptual experiences have representational content'. I explain why the content view should be reformulated to remove any reference to 'experiences'. I then argue, against Bill Brewer, Charles Travis and others, that the content view is true. One corollary of the discussion is that the content of perception is relatively thin (confined, in the visual case, to roughly the output of 'mid-level' vision). Finally, I argue (briefly) that the opponents of the content view are partially vindicated, because perceptual error is due to false belief. 相似文献
754.
Alex Levine 《Synthese》2009,166(3):593-600
Nineteenth and twentieth century philosophies of science have consistently failed to identify any rational basis for the compelling
character of scientific analogies. This failure is particularly worrisome in light of the fact that the development and diffusion
of certain scientific analogies, e.g. Darwin’s analogy between domestic breeds and naturally occurring species, constitute
paradigm cases of good science. It is argued that the interactivist model, through the notion of a partition epistemology, provides a way to understand the persuasive character of compelling scientific analogies without consigning them to an irrational
or arational context of discovery. 相似文献
755.
756.
757.
NASA TLX: Software for assessing subjective mental workload 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alex Cao Keshav K. Chintamani Abhilash K. Pandya R. Darin Ellis 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):113-117
The NASA Task Load Index (TLX) is a popular technique for measuring subjective mental workload. It relies on a multidimensional
construct to derive an overall workload score based on a weighted average of ratings on six subscales: mental demand, physical
demand, temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration level. A program for implementing a computerized version of
the NASA TLX is described. The software version assists in simplifying collection, postprocessing, and storage of raw data.
The program collects raw data from the subject and calculates the weighted (or unweighted) workload score, which is output
to a text file. The program can also be tailored to a specific experiment using a simple input text file, if desired. The
program was designed in Visual Studio 2005 and is capable of running on a Pocket PC with Windows CE or on a PC with Windows
2000 or higher. The NASA TLX program is available for free download. 相似文献
758.
Alex H. S. Harris Carl E. Thoresen Shane J. Lopez 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2007,85(1):3-13
Counseling psychology has a historical commitment to enhancing human strengths, a focus that has enjoyed broader interest with the recent emergence of positive psychology. However, theory and evidence linking strength enhancement to counseling goals are still relatively nascent. The authors outline rationales and practical strategies for integrating strength promotion into counseling practice. Forgiveness and spirituality are used as examples illustrating the opportunities, limitations, and challenges of making strength promotion practical (and reimbursable) in counseling. 相似文献
759.
The authors discuss 2 perspectives on the Multicultural Counseling Competencies (D. W. Sue, P. Arredondo, & R. J. McDavis, 1992): fixed goal and process. Noting that the process has been underemphasized, they introduce active racial/cultural awareness as an operationalization of this perspective. Current training approaches are critiqued from this process perspective, and critical incident analysis is discussed as a tool for increasing active racial/cultural awareness. A sample analysis and suggestions for implementation are provided. 相似文献
760.
The typical kind of color realism is reductive: the color properties are identified with properties specified in other terms (as ways of altering light, for instance).
If no reductive analysis is available – if the colors are primitive sui generis properties – this is often taken to be a convincing
argument for eliminativism. That is, realist primitivism is usually thought to be untenable. The realist preference for reductive theories of color over the last few decades is particularly
striking in light of the generally anti-reductionist mood of recent philosophy of mind. The parallels between the mind–body
problem and the case of color are substantial enough that the difference in trajectory is surprising. While dualism and non-reductive
physicalism are staples, realist primitivism is by and large a recent addition to the color literature. And it remains a minority
position, although one that is perhaps gaining support. In this paper, we investigate whether it should be accepted, and conclude
it should not be. 相似文献