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211.
Aversano M Ciamei A Cestari V Passino E Middei S Castellano C 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2002,77(3):327-337
In the present research the effect of the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 and ethanol combinations on memory consolidation and the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in this effect were investigated in CD1 mice injected intraperitoneally with the drugs immediately or 120 min after training in a one-trial inhibitory avoidance apparatus and tested for retention 24 h later. The results showed that (a) the retention performances of mice were impaired in a dose-dependent manner by immediate posttraining MK-801 (0.2 and 0.3, but not 0.1 mg/kg) and ethanol (1 and 2, but not 0.5 g/kg) administrations; (b) an otherwise ineffective dose of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) enhanced the deleterious effect exerted by ethanol (1 and 2 g/kg); (c) an otherwise ineffective dose of muscimol (0.5 mg/kg) enhanced, while otherwise ineffective doses of picrotoxin (0.25 mg/kg) or bicuculline (0.1 mg/kg) antagonized, this effect; and (d) no effect was observed when the treatments were carried out 120 min after training, suggesting that the effects observed following immediate posttraining administrations were due to the influence on the consolidation of memory. From these experiments it is evident that (a) MK-801 enhances ethanol's effects on memory consolidation and (b) GABAergic mechanisms are involved in this effect. 相似文献
212.
Thomas W. Schubert Alessandro D’Ausilio Rosario Canto 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(4):1332-1346
Latencies of buttonpresses are a staple of cognitive science paradigms. Often keyboards are employed to collect buttonpresses, but their imprecision and variability decreases test power and increases the risk of false positives. Response boxes and data acquisition cards are precise, but expensive and inflexible, alternatives. We propose using open-source Arduino microcontroller boards as an inexpensive and flexible alternative. These boards connect to standard experimental software using a USB connection and a virtual serial port, or by emulating a keyboard. In our solution, an Arduino measures response latencies after being signaled the start of a trial, and communicates the latency and response back to the PC over a USB connection. We demonstrated the reliability, robustness, and precision of this communication in six studies. Test measures confirmed that the error added to the measurement had an SD of less than 1 ms. Alternatively, emulation of a keyboard results in similarly precise measurement. The Arduino performs as well as a serial response box, and better than a keyboard. In addition, our setup allows for the flexible integration of other sensors, and even actuators, to extend the cognitive science toolbox. 相似文献
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In two experiments, we explored whether emotional context influences imitative action tendencies. To this end, we examined how emotional pictures, presented as primes, affect imitative tendencies using a compatibility paradigm. In Experiment 1, when seen index finger movements (lifting or tapping) and pre-instructed finger movements (tapping) were the same (tapping–tapping, compatible trials), participants were faster than when they were different (lifting–tapping, incompatible trials). This compatibility effect was enhanced when the seen finger movement was preceded by negative primes compared with positive or neutral primes. In Experiment 2, using only negative and neutral primes, the influence of negative primes on the compatibility effect was replicated with participants performing two types of pre-instructed finger movements (tapping and lifting). This emotional modulation of the compatibility effect was independent of the participants' trait anxiety level. Moreover, the emotional modulation pertained primarily to the compatible conditions, suggesting facilitated imitation due to negatively valent primes rather than increased interference. We speculate that negative stimuli increase imitative tendencies as a natural response in potential flight-or-fight situations. 相似文献
216.
Alessandro Giuliani 《Topoi》2011,30(2):165-171
The analogy between science and theater work is so strict as to be normally taken for granted without the need of further
specification. This implies that the analogy is completely ignored. Here I try to go in depth into the character of this analogy
and to demonstrate how stopping and thinking about this issue could give some useful hints for solving problems that contemporary
science is experiencing. 相似文献
217.
The present study aimed to investigate the slow negative potential (termed Decision Preceding Negativity, DPN, from the family of the Readiness Potential) which precedes a willed risky decision. To this end, evoked potentials preceding and following an economic choice were measured in a sample of 16 male students during the Iowa Gambling Task modified for ERPs recording. Statistics revealed reduced positivity/relative greater negativity (marking relative activation) in right prefrontal sites and reduced negativity (indicating relative inhibition of DPN) in central clusters over left premotor cortex, 500 ms before picking from economically disadvantageous risky decks. Analyses of the potentials elicited by the economic outcome (wins vs. losses) showed the classical frontal negativity (N260) to the economic losses. Results are consistent with the view that an economically risky decision is preceded by a relative inhibition of the planned motor response together with the activation of emotion-related right frontal sites. 相似文献
218.
Gennaro A 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2011,45(3):355-365
The present work highlights the necessity to re-think the paradigmatic, methodological and theoretical assumptions which for a long time have regulated the practices of research in the field of the study of therapeutic processes. Following this suggestion, and commenting on Ribeiro and Gonçalves (2011), and Faccio, Centomo and Mininni (2011), I highlight the need to reframe the therapeutic change research in terms of a modelling approach. According to such perspective models arise through focusing on the general rule of the functioning of a change process within the local domain of a particular therapeutic encounter, making it possible both to manage it in line with the specific local aims, and to promote the deepening and the develop of scientific knowledge. This is a step towards a new research perspective able to promote the integration of empirical research and clinical practice. 相似文献
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220.
Alessandro Guida Doriane Gras Yvonnick Noel Olivier Le Bohec Christophe Quaireau Serge Nicolas 《Memory & cognition》2013,41(4):571-587
In this study, a personalization method (Guida, Tardieu, & Nicolas, European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 21: 862–896 2009) was applied to a free-recall task. Fifteen pairs of words, composed of an object and a location, were presented to 93 participants, who had to mentally associate each pair and subsequently recall the objects. A 30-s delay was introduced on half of the trials, the presentation rate was manipulated (5 or 10 s per item), and verbal and visuospatial working memory tests were administered to test for their effects on the serial curve. Two groups were constituted: a personalized group, for whom the locations were well-known places on their university campus, and a nonpersonalized group, for whom the locations did not refer to known places. Since personalization putatively operationalizes long-term working memory (Ericsson & Kintsch, Psychological Review, 102: 211–245 1995)—namely, the capacity to store information reliably and rapidly in long-term memory—and if we take a dual-store approach to memory, the personalization advantage would be expected to be greater for pre-recency than for recency items. Overall, the results were compatible with long-term working memory theory. They contribute to validating the personalization method as a methodology to characterize the contribution of long-term memory storage to performance in working memory tasks. 相似文献