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221.
Before World War II, Czechoslovakia went through its constituting process, including the development of an educational system. We made an analysis of Czechoslovak discussions about educational uses of intelligence tests from a discourse-theoretic and social constructionist perspective. In particular, we examined which connotations became associated with the concept "intelligence" in educational scientific publications about possible educational uses of the newly introduced tests in the years 1900-1939. Results substantiate the inextricable entwining of the meaning of "intelligence" with the unique characteristics of the historical situation in Czechoslovakia before World War II.  相似文献   
222.
We conducted four experiments to investigate skilled typists’ explicit knowledge of the locations of keys on the QWERTY keyboard, with three procedures: free recall (Exp.?1), cued recall (Exp.?2), and recognition (Exp.?3). We found that skilled typists’ explicit knowledge of key locations is incomplete and inaccurate. The findings are consistent with theories of skilled performance and automaticity that associate implicit knowledge with skilled performance and explicit knowledge with novice performance. In Experiment?4, we investigated whether novice typists acquire more complete explicit knowledge of key locations when learning to touch-type. We had skilled QWERTY typists complete a Dvorak touch-typing tutorial. We then tested their explicit knowledge of the Dvorak and QWERTY key locations with the free recall task. We found no difference in explicit knowledge of the two keyboards, suggesting that typists know little about key locations on the keyboard, whether they are exposed to the keyboard for 2 h or 12 years.  相似文献   
223.
Social Psychology of Education - Substantial research has established the connection between students’ beliefs in a just world (BJW) and their perceptions of and behaviors in the school....  相似文献   
224.
This article tells the story of the journey made by an international research group of social psychologists in their collaborative projects carried out over a number of years after the collapse of communism in Europe in 1989. The article explores some relations between the aims of research conducted during a period of rapid political, social and economic change in Central and Eastern Europe, and the ways these studies were shaped and transformed through collaboration. It shows how the collaboration of researchers in the team affected the development of theoretical concepts and methodological ideas over the years, as well as how the team learned from mistakes. Collaborative efforts cannot be viewed separately from the content of research. Moreover, this international collaborative research has shown that the relationships between institutional and cultural changes cannot be understood by means of comparing phenomena across different countries but by case studies in individual countries.
Ivana MarkováEmail:

Ivana Marková   is Emeritus Professor of psychology at the University of Stirling. She has carried out research into social representations of various kinds of phenomena (political, physical illness and mental disability) and communication. Her main theoretical interest is a dialogical theory of knowledge and its relation to social representations. Her latest books include Dialogicality and Social Representations, CUP (2003), which has been translated into several languages; The Making of Modern Social Psychology (with Serge Moscovici), Polity (2006); and Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring Socially Shared Knowledge (with Per Linell, Michele Grossen and Anne Salazar-Orvig), Equinox (2007). Jana Plichtová   is a senior researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences - Department of Social and Biological Communication and a professor of Social Psychology at the Comenius University in Bratislava. Her theoretical interests include topics like social psychology of democracy, deliberation in small groups, analysis of argumentation, social representations of political and economic phenomena. She is co-author of several papers on social representations of democracy published in Culture and Psychology, European Journal of Social Psychology, Bulletin de Psychologie, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. She is regularly publishing in Slovak and Czech journals like Československá psychologie and Filozofia on the epistemological and methodological issues. She is an editor of several books (e.g. Minorities in Politics) and a co-author of two books published by Slovak publishers. Her book entitled “On Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the research of social representations” is widely used source by students of sociological social psychology.  相似文献   
225.
This paper is a contribution to the debate on the current mission model of the church in Southeast Asia. Scholars from St Elizabeth University in Bratislava, Slovakia, have performed qualitative research to examine the present mission model in Cambodia. Research was conducted on a sample of Catholic missionaries who have worked in Cambodia for a longer period of time. On the basis of this qualitative study, we have outlined and proposed some characteristics for today’s mission model in that country. Features included and emphasized dialogue with Buddhism, formation of spiritually mature people, social promotion and social inclusion, community development, the shift in inculturation regarding value systems, working in small groups, and reconciliation between ethnic communities.  相似文献   
226.
227.
    
The Confucian revival, which manifests itself in the modern Confucian current, belongs to the most influential and important streams of thought in contemporary Chinese philosophy and represents a crucial part of the new prevailing ideologies in P. R. China. Although many books and articles on this topic are available in Chinese, academic studies in Western languages are still few and far between. The present article aims to introduce this stream of thought which is grounded in the conviction that traditional Confucianism, understood as a specifically Chinese social, political, and moral system of thought can, if renewed and adapted to meet the conditions of the modern era, serve as the foundation for an ethically meaningful modern life. Simultaneously, modern Confucian philosophers also aim to provide a spiritual antidote to the alienation which is seen by them as a collateral effect of the capitalistic glorification of competition and the single‐minded pursuit of profit. The scholars belonging to this stream sought to reconcile ‘Western’ and ‘traditional Chinese’ values, in order to create a theoretical model of modernization that would not be confused or equated with ‘Westernization’.  相似文献   
228.
    
This paper presents the results of a systematic review of literature on the psychosocial wellbeing of populations in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period subsequent to the fall of the Soviet Bloc. A revision of research addressing emotional wellbeing trends in this period and theoretical models was carried in order to verify their validity in the analysis of empirical studies. Hence, a systematic bibliographic review was conducted, aiming to find possible subjective mediators between social variables derived from changes and emotional wellbeing. The results of the review show that subjective mediators such as locus of control, perceived control, self‐efficacy beliefs, perceived familial support, and the subjective evaluation of social change explain part of the relationship between macrosocial changes and emotional wellbeing. Results appear coherent with proposed multidimensional models of social change and mental health, although further research should be conducted to determine the specific weight of these phenomena in individual emotional wellbeing.  相似文献   
229.
    
We used response-restriction (RR) assessments to identify the preferences of 7 individuals with mental retardation for a variety of vocational and leisure activities. We subsequently increased their engagement in nonpreferred activities using several procedures: response restriction per se versus a Premack-type contingency (Study 1), supplemental reinforcement for engagement in target activities (Study 2), and noncontingent pairing of reinforcers with nonpreferred activities (Study 3). Results indicated that preferences are not immutable and can be altered through a variety of relatively benign interventions and that the results of RR assessments may be helpful in determining which types of procedures may be most effective on an individual basis.  相似文献   
230.
    
The findings of several research studies suggest that gender, culture, and ethnic group are associated reliably with differences in workplace behaviors. This paper looks beyond demographic differences to a broader concept of group-based differences and addresses how differences in the behavioral reactions of outgroup sales trainees affect sales managers' attempts to socialize them into the organization. It is important for sales managers to be able to understand how differences are related to workplace behavior as sales forces become increasingly diverse. A framework and research propositions are offered based on theories of socialization, acculturation, and person—organization fit. In addition, interviews were conducted with salespeople to assess the viability of the proposed framework. Several areas of future research emerge as a result of this exploratory discussion.  相似文献   
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