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41.
Ralph R. Miller Carolyn Greco Nancy A. Marlin Mary Ann Balaz 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1985,37(2):81-100
Events occurring during the retention intervals for a 5-min delayed alternation task were used to investigate the factors that influence retroactive interference. Appetitive reinforcement in an E-maze was employed to train rats on the delayed alternation task consisting of a forced-choice (target event) trial followed by a free-choice (test) trial. Occasional probe trials added a potentially interfering event either at the beginning, middle, or end of the retention period. These events also varied in similarity to the target events, ranging from low similarity to the converse of the target event. Interference increased both with the interval between the target and intervening events and with the similarity between the converse of the target event and the intervening event; however, there was no tendency, significant or otherwise, towards an interaction between stimulus similarity and the interval between the target and intervening events. Control groups demonstrated that the interference was of an associative nature and that the interval between the intervening event and the test trial was little consequence. These results are discussed in terms of two separate types of interference: similarity interference which depends on stimulus similarity of the intervening event to the converse of the target event but not on the temporal location of the intervening event, and processing interference which depends on the temporal location of the intervening event but not on its similarity to the converse of the target event. 相似文献
42.
Reflections on trauma,symbolization and psychic pain in a case of neurosis and a case of psychosis
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Jorge Luis Maldonado Alberto Luis Solimano 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2016,97(5):1299-1320
This paper seeks to advance some considerations on trauma, historical reality, its symbolization and the psychic pain generated by the investigation of unconscious processes in psychoanalytic treatment. These themes will be explored by demonstrating the differences arising between traumatic experiences and their expression in phantasy, as they occurred in a case of neurosis and another of psychosis. In each case, the differences in the features of the symbolization and the processes of working through shall also be taken into consideration. Particular attention shall be paid to the specific difficulties encountered by the analyst in the interpretative treatment of the trauma resulting from the amount of psychic pain induced in the patient, which at times proves to be an insurmountable barrier and a destructive distortion of the process. 相似文献
43.
Nelson Andrade-González Alberto Fernández-Liria 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2016,35(1):169-177
The goal of our research was to adapt the short forms of the Working Alliance Inventory into the Spanish language for patients and therapists (WAI-S-P and WAI-S-T). The psychometric properties of scores from these measurement instruments were evaluated in Spanish outpatients with depressive disorders and their therapists. The scores of both measures exhibited excellent reliability in terms of internal consistency and excellent convergent validity. Their discriminant validity exhibited some limitations, particularly when the scores of both short measures correlated with those of two empathy measures. Regarding predictive validity, the scores of the overall WAI-S-P and WAI-S-T significantly correlated with residual gain scores of patients in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) after the tenth psychotherapy session. Additionally, the overall WAI-S-T scores explained a moderate percentage of the variance in patient BDI score changes. These results are satisfactory and similar to those found in the studies that have utilized the respective original versions of WAI-S in English. 相似文献
44.
Alberto Murcia 《Estudios de Psicología》2016,37(1):35-58
Discussions on counterfactual thinking (CT) have been focused on whether it is a language skill or it emerges spontaneously before language acquisition. This paper surveys the most compelling arguments regarding these frameworks: (1) the approach ‘CT as a language skill’; (2) those who claim that pretending shows that children have CT; (3) those who consider pretend play is a rehearsal for cognitive dispositions. I shall point out that the three approaches on CT are incomplete: (1) neglects pretend play (which prelinguistic children perform) as an instantiation of the CT; (2) puts too much emphasis on the linguistic dimension of pretense; (3) is highly demanding on the cognitive architecture that we ought to have by nature — the so-called children as scientists. 相似文献
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46.
Misato Oi Hiroshi Ito Shuang Meng Victor Alberto Palacios 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2016,28(3):319-328
To examine the mechanism of visual perception of human-like body postures, we conducted a posture recognition task, a questionnaire survey, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The majority of participants perceived the pseudo-posture as a human posture in the early stage (78%), but only approximately half of them reported the imagination of bodily movement (66%). These results suggest that the majority of observers perceive pseudo-postures as human postures in the early stage of perception, but this human posture perception does not necessarily lead to the visualisation of bodily movement. In a group of who received the pseudo posture as a human-posture regardless of the perception stages, the participants who imagined bodily movement (64%) showed significantly higher scores than those who did not on the Fantasy subscale of the IRI. Highly empathic participants are more likely to detect a kinematic relation between the pseudo-postures. 相似文献
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48.
Luis Manuel Blanco‐Donoso Alberto Amutio Bernardo Moreno‐Jimnez María del Carmen Yeo‐Ayala Daniel Hermosilla Eva Garrosa 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(3):267-276
Workplace incivility is a growing problem in nursing. However, most studies that explore this psychosocial risk and its consequences do so considering a single level and a between‐person perspective. The aims of the study were to explore whether the effects of experiencing incivility during work‐time could explain the daily levels of well‐being of nurses at home; and to analyze if that relationship could be moderated by their levels of emotional dysregulation as a trait. This is a multilevel study with diary methodology. The study was carried out in 18 primary health‐care centers belonging to Madrid and the Basque Country, in Spain. Ninety‐four nurses completed a general questionnaire and 54 of them a diary booklet over five consecutive working days in two different moments, immediately after work and at bedtime. The results showed that nurses’ emotional dysregulation moderated the relationship between daily workplace incivility and daily fatigue, and positive affect at night at home. However, there were no direct effects of daily incivility on these outcome variables. In conclusion, the presence of difficulties in emotional regulation among nurses can increase the negative effects of daily workplace incivility on their health and well‐being. 相似文献
49.
Priscila Rubbo Caroline Lievore Helmann Celso Bilynkievycz dos Santos Luiz Alberto Pilatti 《Ethics & behavior》2019,29(2):141-155
This study assesses the retractions of scientific articles in engineering journals indexed on the Web of Science from 1945 to 2015. The data set was built based on documents containing the keywords retracted, retraction, withdrawal, or redress. We used database exploration techniques, including Structured Query Language and analysis of variance, for data analysis. We analyzed 238 retractions published by 117 journals. The most common reason for retraction was unethical research, and higher impact factors journals tended to publish more retractions. In conclusion, most of the analyzed retractions were the result of unethical research and were retracted by editors. 相似文献
50.
Chieh-Yu Chen Huichao Xie Alberto Filgueiras Jane Squires Luis Anunciação Jesus Landeira-Fernandez 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(9):2412-2425
A mental health evaluation project was conducted in the City of Rio de Janeiro for the entire population of young children who received services in public child daycare centers and preschools. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE-BR) served as an outcome measure for social-emotional development. Four age intervals of the ASQ:SE-BR were investigated by time period, 2011 and 2012. A total of 76,806 children from 21 to 66?months were evaluated. Three thousand children were randomly selected from each age interval and year for the analyses. The analyses used unidimensional Rasch Partial Credit Model and multidimensional Rasch Partial Credit Model to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ASQ:SE-BR. The model comparisons indicated support for the one-construct model and the two-construct model, indicating adequate evidence for the internal structure for the ASQ:SE-BR. Only one item was found to have misfit. Sound psychometric properties were supported by the results including internal structure, weighted item fit, reliability, and invariance across years. Item difficulty presented an appropriate coverage across intervals. This study provides supportive evidence for the use and interpretation of ASQ:SE scores with urban low-income Brazilian population. 相似文献