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101.
102.
Jasper Van Assche Alain Van Hiel Kristof Dhont Arne Roets 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(1):190-199
Social-cultural and economic-hierarchical ideological attitudes have long been used to explain variation in political partisanship. We propose two additional, stable attitudes (political cynicism and ethnic prejudice) that may help in explaining contemporary political alignments. In a Belgian (N = 509) and Dutch sample (N = 628), we showed that party support can be segmented into four broad families: left, libertarian, traditionalist, and far-right parties. Both studies revealed that social-cultural and economic-hierarchical right-wing attitudes were negatively related to left party support and positively to libertarian, traditionalist and far-right support. Importantly, additional variance was consistently explained by political cynicism (lower libertarian and traditionalist support), ethnic prejudice (lower left support), or both (higher far-right support). Study 2 additionally demonstrated these patterns for self-reported voting. 相似文献
103.
Ludovic Ferrand Patrick Bonin Alain Méot Maria Augustinova Boris New Christophe Pallier Marc Brysbaert 《Behavior research methods》2008,40(4):1049-1054
Ratings for age of acquisition (AoA) and subjective frequency were collected for the 1,493 monosyllabic French words that
were most known to French students. AoA ratings were collected by asking participants to estimate in years the age at which
they learned each word. Subjective frequency ratings were collected on a 7-point scale, ranging from never encountered to encountered several times daily. The results were analyzed to address the relationship between AoA and subjective frequency ratings with other psycholinguistic
variables (objective frequency, imageability, number of letters, and number of orthographic neighbors). The results showed
high reliability ratings with other databases. Supplementary materials for this study may be downloaded from the Psychonomic
Society’s Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
104.
其他的、有别于西方的历史经验和历史逻辑产生出了不同的政治模式,而这些模式自身就是激活历史的不同方法。因此,存在着另外一种对西方模式进行分析的方法,这种分析将会突破西方的那种线性的、目的论的历史经验。这个契机让我们能够去考虑不同的历史模式,以及进行某种“世界建设”的工作。这正是赵汀阳“天下体系”工作的旨趣所在。 相似文献
105.
Three studies tested the relationship between political extremism and cognitive complexity in an adult sample (N = 135), a sample of students (N = 145), and a sample of political party members (N = 47). According to value pluralism theory, advocates of extreme ideologies exhibit low levels of cognitive complexity. Context theory, in contrast, states that extremists think in a more complex and sophisticated way about politics. In accordance with context theory, significant positive correlations between cognitive complexity and extremist ideology were found in all samples. The results of these studies also revealed weak correlations among the cognitive complexity instruments used in previous research. Problems concerning the measurement of cognitive style and cognitive complexity are discussed. 相似文献
106.
S. Berthoz R.J.R. Blair G. Le Clec'h J.‐L. Martinot 《International journal of psychology》2002,37(4):193-203
Recent developments in functional imaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), allow us to characterize more precisely the functional neuroanatomy mediating emotional responding. This corpus of studies has led to the development of affective neuroscience. First, we present a summary of the studies aimed at understanding the underlying mechanisms of the emotional response, which were conducted prior to the use of the brain imaging techniques. Then, this paper reviews the studies investigating the neural substrates implicated in the processing of facial expressions and those implicated in the production of experimentally induced emotional responses. This review of the literature includes a meta‐analysis of eight studies using PET and one fMRI study reporting the neural correlates of experimentally induced emotions in healthy individuals. The methods and results of these studies are described through figures drawn from the reported Talairach's coordinates depicting the cerebral regions activated in relation to different experimental conditions. The implications of the results and the role of the cerebral structures that have been identified are discussed. As regards the studies on the neural bases of the processing of facial expressions of emotion, there are separable neural circuits that are involved in mediating responding to differing categories of facial expressions of emotion. Fearful expressions have relatively consistently been found to activate the amygdala, as, occasionally, have sad and happy expressions. The anterior insula and the putamen seem to be particularly involved in disgust expression recognition, whereas the facial expression of anger seems to be predominantly associated with anterior cingular and orbitofrontal cortex activity. Among the cerebral structures that have appeared to be activated by experimentally induced emotions, the anterior cingulate cortex seems to play a specific role in representing subjective emotional responses. 相似文献
107.
The internal validity of several types of experiments in experimental psychology and neuroscience depends in part on the possibility
of controlling or manipulating critical lexical variables such as word frequency of occurrence. Two ways of estimating this
variable are (1) objective frequency counts and (2) subjective ratings of word frequency. Each method produces estimates that
generally agree (i.e., they are highly correlated) but that disagree substantially concerning the relative frequency of a
number of words. To investigate this issue more closely, the global and local agreement of subjective frequency estimates
was examined in detail for a pool of 6,202 words drawn from the OMNILEX database of French words (Desrochers, 2006; www.omnilex.uottawa
.ca). The results indicated that objective and subjective frequencies are strongly correlated, subjective frequencies share
a significant amount of bias variance with other lexical characteristics (e.g., imageability), and the codeterminants of subjective frequency are in an
antagonistic relationship with one another. The implications of these results for the selection of lexical stimuli are discussed,
and multiple variables to aid in item selection are reported. Supplemental materials for this study may be downloaded from
brm.psychonomic-journals.org/ content/supplemental. 相似文献
108.
Soussignan R Boivin M Girard A Pérusse D Liu X Tremblay RE 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(1):1-9
The study investigated the genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in measures of socioemotional reactivity and emotion regulation with a sample of 115 monozygotic (MZ) and 156 dizygotic (DZ) 5-month-old twin pairs. Twins' zygosity was determined by a combination of DNA typing and physical similarity. Twins' behaviors (motor activity level, social gaze, gaze aversion, positive expression, negative expression, and self-comfort) were videotaped in a laboratory while infants were presented televised sequences of neutral and happy emotional expressions posed by their mother (familiar condition) and a female stranger (unfamiliar condition). Regardless of the social context, the findings based on model-fitting analyses indicated that nonshared environmental influences explained most of the variance of behavioral data. However, there was evidence that motor activity level (an index of emotional arousal) and the latency and frequency of gaze aversion (an index of emotional regulation) were best represented by a model incorporating both additive genetic and nonshared environmental (i.e., AE) influences when infants were exposed to the unfamiliar adult (heritability estimates ranging from 19% to 31%). The results suggest the importance of nonshared environmental influences during early infancy and stress the role of social context for revealing moderate genetic contributions to individual differences in emotional arousal and emotion regulation. 相似文献
109.
Christel Jacob Constant Rainville Alain Trognon Reinhard Fescharek Cédric Baumann Isabelle Clerc-Urmes Thérèse Rivasseau Jonveaux 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(6):1457-1472
The cognitive processes involved in route retracing are not well known. This study aims to highlight them in an elderly population in which contradictory results have been obtained, certain studies showing specific difficulties for route retracing, others not. Thirty-nine elderly subjects performed a route-learning task (forward-backward) in a garden, then completed spatial knowledge tasks and standardised cognitive tests. Results show four factors that were predictive of route retracing performance: route repetition, the pointing task, and two standardised cognitive tests, one assessing spatial working memory, and another global cognitive efficiency. According to these results, route retracing involves route and survey knowledge (i.e., egocentric and allocentric strategy), and the integration of forward-backward perspectives is underpinned by the spatial working memory. Moreover, the subjects did not make more errors in route retracing than in the route repetition task, suggesting that a real environment could compensate for a failing allocentric strategy. 相似文献
110.
In the present study, the learning of a task in which the goal of the movement was not isomorphic with a specific movement pattern was examined. The subjects' (N = 48) goal in the task was to be both spatially and temporally accurate in reaching 4 targets with a right arm lever movement. After each acquisition trial, the displacement profile of the movement just produced was provided to all subjects as knowledge of performance (KP). The relative effectiveness of 2 possible references, with which subjects could compare the KP, was examined. One of the references examined was knowledge of results (KR), which was provided by reporting the total absolute timing and amplitude errors from the 4 targets. The other reference examined was a criterion template (CT), which was defined as the most efficient movement pattern for reaching the 4 targets. In the feedback display, CT was superimposed on the displacement profile of the movement just produced. A factorial design, in which 2 levels of KR (KR, no KR) were crossed with 2 levels of CT (CT, no CT), produced 4 feedback conditions. After 120 acquisition trials with feedback, immediate and delayed retention tests without feedback and a reacquisition test with KR (20 trials per test) were conducted. Acquisition results indicated that KR was a better reference than CT for per-forming the timing aspect of the movement and for producing the generalized motor program (GMP) associated with the most efficient movement pattern. Delayed retention results showed that KR was also a better reference than CT for learning the most efficient GMP. The calibration strategy undertaken by subjects who were provided with KR during acquisition explains the superiority of the KR reference. The calibration strategy is compared with the pattern-matching activity that was probably undertaken by subjects who had received CT as a reference. 相似文献