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Shame is an emotion that is the cornerstone of International Relations (IR) human rights scholarship but remains undertheorized from an explicitly emotional perspective. Given the dubious and unsettled efficacy of human rights “naming and shaming” campaigns, in this article, we outline the theoretical and methodological contours of a research agenda designed (1) to uncover the emotional content of naming and shaming and (2) to pay greater attention to how nonstate actors, especially human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), evoke and experience shame, thus engaging in “emotional diplomacy.” Drawing on theories of emotions in IR and political psychology, we present a thicker account of shame by highlighting the individual and social origins of shame, discussing different varieties of shame, and by distinguishing between emotions that are often conflated with shame. We end with a discussion of the methodological tools suitable for pursuing this agenda, using examples of prominent human rights NGOs. 相似文献
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McConkie-Rosell A Abrams L Finucane B Cronister A Gane LW Coffey SM Sherman S Nelson LM Berry-Kravis E Hessl D Chiu S Street N Vatave A Hagerman RJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):593-606
The purpose of this paper is to report the outcome of a collaborative project between the Fragile X Research and Treatment
Center at the Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute at the University of California at
Davis, the National Fragile X Foundation (NFXF), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The objective of
this collaboration was to develop and disseminate protocols for genetic counseling and cascade testing for the multiple disorders
associated with the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutation. Over the last several years, there has been increasing insight into the phenotypic range associated with both
the premutation and the full mutation of the FMR1 gene. To help develop recommendations related to screening for fragile X-associated disorders, four, two day advisory focus
group meetings were conducted, each with a different theme. The four themes were: (1) fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
(FXTAS); (2) premature ovarian failure (POF) and reproductive endocrinology; (3) psychiatric, behavioral and psychological
issues; and (4) population screening and related ethical issues. 相似文献
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Transfer of skill engendered by complex task training under conditions of variable priority 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boot WR Basak C Erickson KI Neider M Simons DJ Fabiani M Gratton G Voss MW Prakash R Lee H Low KA Kramer AF 《Acta psychologica》2010,135(3):349-357
We explored the theoretical underpinnings of a commonly used training strategy by examining issues of training and transfer of skill in the context of a complex video game (Space Fortress, Donchin, 1989). Participants trained using one of two training regimens: Full Emphasis Training (FET) or Variable Priority Training (VPT). Transfer of training was assessed with a large battery of cognitive and psychomotor tasks ranging from basic laboratory paradigms measuring reasoning, memory, and attention to complex real-world simulations. Consistent with previous studies, VPT accelerated learning and maximized task mastery. However, the hypothesis that VPT would result in broader transfer of training received limited support. Rather, transfer was most evident in tasks that were most similar to the Space Fortress game itself. Results are discussed in terms of potential limitations of the VPT approach. 相似文献
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Ajay Vijayakrishnan 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2018,78(3):322-325
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Barbara A. Stetson Amanda R. Carrico Abbie O. Beacham Craig H. Ziegler Sri Prakash Mokshagundam 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):239-249
Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions and is widely encountered by clinicians in medical settings. National Standards for diabetes education recommend utilization of an interdisciplinary team, setting individual lifestyle goals and managing barriers. However, typical diabetes education programs lack integration of strategies for translating recommendations into behavioral actions. The present intervention was developed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a short-term cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at optimizing self-care behaviors in adults with diabetes in a “real world” medical setting. Participants were 20 adults who had completed medical model outpatient diabetes education. The intervention consisted of 6 weekly sessions that addressed the role of behavior in diabetes including self-care barriers, cognitions and self-regulation. Pre-post intervention data indicated greater specificity in goal-setting. Participants who kept activity records had the greatest lifestyle activity behavior change. Findings suggest that a brief intervention addressing realistic goal-setting is feasible and can promote meaningful health behavior changes. Clinical psychology can provide a bridge between current diabetes care recommendations and available medical resources by providing training in and delivery of empirically supported behavior change strategies and evaluation of diabetes care treatment approaches. 相似文献
37.
Christian Tröster Ajay Mehra Daan van Knippenberg 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2014
This longitudinal study used data from 91 self-managed teams (456 individuals, 60 nationalities) to examine the interactive effects of a team’s task (“workflow”) network structure and its cultural diversity (as indexed by nationality) on the team’s “potency” (i.e., the team’s confidence in its ability to perform) and its performance (as rated by expert judges). We found that whereas the emergence of dense task networks enhanced team potency it was the emergence of (moderately) centralized task networks that facilitated team performance. These varied structural effects, moreover, were themselves contingent on team composition: the more culturally diverse a team, the more pronounced were the positive effects of network density on team potency and the higher the level of network centralization required for optimal team performance. The success of a team appears to hinge on the interplay between network structure and team composition. 相似文献
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Ruchika Shaurya Prakash Kirk I. Erickson Stanley J. Colcombe Jennifer S. Kim Michelle W. Voss Arthur F. Kramer 《Brain and cognition》2009
We investigated the relative involvement of cortical regions supporting attentional control in older and younger adults during performance on a modified version of the Stroop task. Participants were exposed to two different types of incongruent trials. One of these, an incongruent-ineligible condition, produces conflict at the non-response level, while the second, an incongruent-eligible condition, produces conflict at both non-response and response levels of information processing. Greater attentional control is needed to perform the incongruent-eligible condition compared to other conditions. We examined the cortical recruitment associated with this task in an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm in 25 older and 25 younger adults. Our results indicated that while younger adults demonstrated an increase in the activation of cortical regions responsible for maintaining attentional control in response to increased levels of conflict, such sensitivity and flexibility of the cortical regions to increased attentional control demands was absent in older adults. These results suggest a limitation in older adults’ capabilities for flexibly recruiting the attentional network in response to increasing attentional demands. 相似文献