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Studying personality and its pathology as it changes, develops, or remains stable over time offers exciting insight into the nature of individual differences. Researchers interested in examining personal characteristics over time have a number of time-honored analytic approaches at their disposal. In recent years there have also been considerable advances in person-oriented analytic approaches, particularly longitudinal mixture models. In this methodological primer we focus on mixture modeling approaches to the study of normative and individual change in the form of growth mixture models and ipsative change in the form of latent transition analysis. We describe the conceptual underpinnings of each of these models, outline approaches for their implementation, and provide accessible examples for researchers studying personality and its assessment. 相似文献
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Aidan Macfarlane Paul Harris Ian Barnes 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1976,21(3):532-538
The size of the effective visual field during the first weeks of life is found to depend on two factors: It increases with age, but it contracts in the face of competition from ongoing activity such as fixation of a central stimulus or non-nutritive sucking. 相似文献
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Philip Smith P. L. Broadhurst P. E. Bryant Aidan Macfarlane A. Dickinsion John P. Frisby P. C. Wason A. M. Uttley 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1976,28(1):143-152
SILVERSTEIN, A. (Ed.). Human Communication: Theoretical Explorations. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1975. £ 7.00.
NEWTON, G. and Riesen, A. H. (Eds.). Advances in Psychobiology. Vol. 2. New York: john Wiley & Sons. 1974. Pp 330. £ 12.00
FELDMAN,C. F. et at. The Development of Adaptive Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey Boss. 1974. Pp. 142 £ 8.75
YARROW, L. J.,Rubinstein, J. L. and Pedersen, F. A. Infant and Environment. New York: Halstead Press. 1974. Pp255. £ 8.65
FREEDMAN, D. G. Human Infancy: an Evolutionary Perpective. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1974. Pp. 212. £ 7.00
FOSS, B. (Ed.0. New Perspectives in Child Development. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education. 1974. Pp. 265. £ 1.00
LEWIS, M. and Rosenblum, L. (Eds.). The Origins of Behaviour,vol. 2, The Origins of fear. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1975. £ 9.70
PIAGET, J. and Inhelder, B. The Origin of the Idea of Chance in Children. London: Routledge & kegan Paul. 1975. Pp. 249. £ 5.25
INHELDER, B. Sinclair,H. and Bovet, M. Learning and the Development of Cognition. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1974. Pp308. £ 4.95.
PEILL, E. J. Invention and Discovery of Reality. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1975. Pp. 203. £ 6.50
ALCOCK, J. Animal Behaviour: An evolutionary approach. Sunderland, Mass.: sinauer Associaters. 1975. Pp547. £ 6.60
GREGORY, R. L. Concepts and Mechanisms of Perception. duckworth & Co. Ltd. 1974. Ppxi+669. £ 18.00
MANIS, M. An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. Belmont: Broks/Cole. 1971. Pp. vii+318. £ 4.75
KOGAN, A. B. (Ed.). Current Problems in Neurocybernetics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons 1975. Pp. 147. £ 8.35 相似文献
NEWTON, G. and Riesen, A. H. (Eds.). Advances in Psychobiology. Vol. 2. New York: john Wiley & Sons. 1974. Pp 330. £ 12.00
FELDMAN,C. F. et at. The Development of Adaptive Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey Boss. 1974. Pp. 142 £ 8.75
YARROW, L. J.,Rubinstein, J. L. and Pedersen, F. A. Infant and Environment. New York: Halstead Press. 1974. Pp255. £ 8.65
FREEDMAN, D. G. Human Infancy: an Evolutionary Perpective. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1974. Pp. 212. £ 7.00
FOSS, B. (Ed.0. New Perspectives in Child Development. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education. 1974. Pp. 265. £ 1.00
LEWIS, M. and Rosenblum, L. (Eds.). The Origins of Behaviour,vol. 2, The Origins of fear. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1975. £ 9.70
PIAGET, J. and Inhelder, B. The Origin of the Idea of Chance in Children. London: Routledge & kegan Paul. 1975. Pp. 249. £ 5.25
INHELDER, B. Sinclair,H. and Bovet, M. Learning and the Development of Cognition. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1974. Pp308. £ 4.95.
PEILL, E. J. Invention and Discovery of Reality. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1975. Pp. 203. £ 6.50
ALCOCK, J. Animal Behaviour: An evolutionary approach. Sunderland, Mass.: sinauer Associaters. 1975. Pp547. £ 6.60
GREGORY, R. L. Concepts and Mechanisms of Perception. duckworth & Co. Ltd. 1974. Ppxi+669. £ 18.00
MANIS, M. An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. Belmont: Broks/Cole. 1971. Pp. vii+318. £ 4.75
KOGAN, A. B. (Ed.). Current Problems in Neurocybernetics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons 1975. Pp. 147. £ 8.35 相似文献
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Aidan Feeney Simon J. Handley 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2000,53(4):1224-1242
The results of three experiments investigating the role of deductive inference in Wason's selection task are reported. In Experiment 1, participants received either a standard one-rule problem or a task containing a second rule, which specified an alternative antecedent. Both groups of participants were asked to select those cards that they considered were necessary to test whether the rule common to both problems was true or false. The results showed a significant suppression of q card selections in the two-rule condition. In addition there was weak evidence for both decreased p selection and increased not-q selection. In Experiment 2 we again manipulated number of rules and found suppression of q card selections only. Finally, in Experiment 3 we compared one- and two-rule conditions with a two-rule condition where the second rule specified two alternative antecedents in the form of a disjunction. The q card selections were suppressed in both of the two-rule conditions but there was no effect of whether the second rule contained one or two alternative antecedents. We argue that our results support the claimthat people make inferences about the unseen side of the cards when engaging with the indicative selection task. 相似文献
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Aidan Gray 《Synthese》2018,195(12):5549-5569
Predicativists hold that proper names have predicate-type semantic values. They face an obvious challenge: in many languages (English among them) names normally occur as, what appear to be, grammatical arguments (call these bare occurrences). The standard version of predicativism answers this challenge by positing an unpronounced determiner in bare occurrences. I argue that this is a mistake. Predicativists should draw a distinction between two kinds of semantic type—underived semantic type and derived semantic type. The predicativist thesis concerns the underived semantic type of proper names and underdetermines a view about the semantic type of bare occurrences. I’ll argue that predicativists should hold that bare names are derived individual-denoting expressions. I end by considering what this result means for the relationship between predicativism and other metalinguistic theories of names. 相似文献
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Christopher J. Hopwood Nick Schade Robert F. Krueger Aidan G. C. Wright Kristian E. Markon 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2013,35(2):162-172
Dissatisfaction with the DSM-IV model of personality disorders has led to the development of alternative conceptualizations, including pathological trait models and models linked to particular theoretical approaches, such as Beck and Freeman’s (1990) cognitive framework. An important issue involves the potential to interweave such models into a single, parsimonious system that combines their distinct advantages. In this study, pathological trait and dysfunctional belief data from 616 individuals in a non-clinical sample were evaluated for commensurability using structural equation modeling. These models can be integrated via five higher-order factors, and that specific dimensions of dysfunctional beliefs can be differentiated based on features of the DSM-5 trait model. Overall, these results suggest that traits provide scaffolding for individual differences in pathological personality, within which dysfunctional beliefs offer specific vectors for clinical intervention in a cognitive framework. Implications of the empirical commensurability of trait and cognitive models are discussed. 相似文献
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AG Wright 《Journal of personality assessment》2011,93(4):370-379
The categorical-dimensional debate has catalyzed a wealth of empirical advances in the study of personality pathology. However, this debate is merely one articulation of a broader conceptual question regarding whether to define and describe psychopathology as a quantitatively extreme expression of normal functioning or as qualitatively distinct in its process. In this article I argue that dynamic models of personality (e.g., object relations, cognitive-affective processing system) offer the conceptual scaffolding to reconcile these seemingly incompatible approaches to characterizing the relationship between normal and pathological personality. I propose that advances in personality assessment that sample behavior and experiences intensively provide the empirical techniques, whereas interpersonal theory offers an integrative theoretical framework, for accomplishing this goal. 相似文献