医务人员的自我保护意识应从实习医生抓起

要想在以后的临床工作中减少医疗纠纷,杜绝医疗事故,保障医疗安全,一名医学生在实习期间,就要开始培养自我保护意识,精湛的医术、良好的医德、高度的责任心和同情心是法宝.只有这样才能建立正常的医患关系,创造一个良好宽松的工作环境和气氛,最终成为一名质量合格、知识结构完整、综合素质全面,能迎接现代医学挑战的医务工作者.     

临床麻醉中知情同意的思考

临床麻醉工作中,尊重患者自主权是知情同意的基础,知情同意反映了患者自主权与医学干涉主义之间的相互妥协.在信任基础上的知情同意,是患者自主权的最佳体现,也是对医学干涉主义的尊重,从而为患者的利益提供服务.     

学校气氛问卷(初中生版)的研究报告

以Moos关于人类环境的三分法为理论指导,结合当前初中生心理发展实际和学校环境的特点,编制了学校气氛问卷(PSCI-M),分为师生关系、同学关系、学业压力、秩序与纪律和发展多样性5个维度共38个条目。信效度检测表明,该问卷具有较高的内部一致性信度和折半信度,其内容效度、结构效度和外部关联效度均较为理想,可以作为初中生知觉的学校气氛的测量工具。     

The Theme and Logical Construction of the Taoist Philosophy

Fully embracing previous achievements in the research of Taoist philosophy, this paper attempts to create a sound analysis and investigation of the value concern of Taoism and reconstruct a new set of Taoist philosophy conforming to the requirement of modern science from the perspective of modern philosophy. The author sincerely wishes that the preliminary understanding of the Taoist philosophy presented in this paper would contribute to the construction of the Taoist philosophy. Translated from Structures of World Religion by Yan Xin     

救人一命 胜造七级浮屠

在广东省潮阳峡山妙吉祥堂，有一位出家于五台山圆照寺的著名僧医释妙空。1991年，他的恩师清海上师圆寂后，他带着恩师“慈悲利济，普度众生”的遗愿，回到故里，建起了妙吉祥堂金刚道场，树起了五台山黄教的法幢，弘扬起了师爷能海上师所传的密法。他不仅率领四众弟子修持密法，而且伏案疾书，出版了《赞文殊菩萨偈注释》和《销释金刚科仪宝卷集注会要》等书。     

Temporal Discounting Mechanisms of Future‐oriented Coping: Evidence from Delay Discounting and Task Prioritization Paradigms

Four studies were conducted to examine the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting under different situational conditions. In Study 1, 138 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a delay‐discounting task. In Study 2, 118 participants were primed with either stressful or neutral stimuli, followed by a task‐prioritization activity. The results of both studies indicated that future‐oriented coping had a significant negative association with temporal discounting or the number of rational choices in the neutral‐priming condition, but the relationship was not significant in the stress‐priming condition. In Study 3, qualitative data revealed that the major reason for shifting choices from larger but later payoffs to smaller but sooner rewards in a stressful condition was to reduce the stressful mood, create a positive mood, and promote a sense of accomplishment. This explanation was corroborated by Study 4, in which one group was allowed to choose an immediate payoff and the other group was blocked from choosing that immediate payoff. We confirmed that post‐test anxiety was significantly lower in the immediate payoff group compared with the delayed‐payoff group in proactive and preventive coping, using pre‐test anxiety as a covariate. Preventive coping helped to reduce anxiety levels in a stressful condition only when there was a choice to obtain an immediate payoff. These findings underscore the relationship between future‐oriented coping and temporal discounting, as well as the flexibility of discounting in the face of stress. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparative study on GaN luminescence under/after inductively coupled plasma exposure

GaN luminescence, induced by ultraviolet light under/after inductively coupled plasma exposure, has been measured in situ and ex situ. After the plasma exposure, both near-band edge (NBE) and yellow luminescence (YL) intensities decrease. The decay times of NBE and YL in the in situ measurement are shorter than those of the ex situ measurement on account of the temperature rise induced by the plasma. On the other hand, with increasing plasma power, the decay times decrease. It is considered that this decrease is strongly related to non-radiative defects introduced by the Ar plasma. The results suggest that in situ photoluminescence monitoring can be used to reveal plasma-induced damage at GaN surfaces.     

Peirce Knew Why Abduction Isn’t IBE—A Scheme and Critical Questions for Abductive Argument

Whether abduction is treated as an argument or as an inference, the mainstream view presupposes a tight connection between abduction and inference to the best explanation (IBE). This paper critically evaluates this link and supports a narrower view on abduction. Our main thesis is that merely the hypothesis-generative aspect, but not the evaluative aspect, is properly abductive in the sense introduced by C. S. Peirce. We show why equating abduction with IBE (or understanding them as inseparable parts) unnecessarily complicates argument evaluation by levelling the status of abduction as a third reasoning mode (besides deduction and induction). We also propose a scheme for abductive argument along with critical questions, and suggest retaining abduction alongside IBE as related but distinct categories.     

Are students in some college majors more self-determined in their studies than others?

Self-determination theory proposes that the extent to which students’ motivation is self-determined is critical to learning outcomes. Based on occasional research evidence and our perceptions, we hypothesize that college students in certain majors have profiles that are higher in self-determined motivation than students in other majors. Specifically, our primary hypothesis is that students in the social sciences and humanities tend to be more self-determined, whereas students in business-related majors tend to be less self-determined. The results from two studies using large samples and advanced analytical methods support the primary hypotheses. Comparison results were also obtained for other majors (e.g., engineering and natural sciences), and supplemental analyses supported the critical role of self-determined motivation in learning outcomes among students in all majors. Study 2 also found support for two mechanisms for such differences, i.e., the majors’ learning climates and students’ individual differences in autonomous functioning. The current evidence suggests the importance of promoting more humanistic learning environments in certain academic disciplines.