评价中心测评的评分误差分析研究

本研究应用概化理论对评价中心中的评分误差控制问题进行了系统的分析探讨,得出了以下研究结论：(1)总体上,在评价中心(以LGD为例)测评中,评价员对研究设计的测评维度的评分基本反映了被试的真实能力水平,测量误差较小;(2)评价员对合作能力、应变能力和总体印象等维度的评价标准的理解具有较高的一致性,但对决策能力等维度的评价标准的理解存在一定的偏差;(3)在评价中心(以LGD为例)测评中,采用4名评价员能达到预期的测量目标,符合测评应用的经济性、有效性原则。     

著名科学家陷入有神论的原因浅析

一部自然科学史,是一部科学发现的历史,是科学家用智慧和汗水书写的历史。人们崇尚科学的同时,对科学家也产生由衷的敬意和佩服。然而,在科学历史上有这样一种现象值得人们关注,那就是一些著名的科学家却不是我们想象的无神论者,而是有神论者。诸如:经典物理学的创立者牛顿,在晚年埋头于解释《约翰启示录》,并且以神学为题材写了一本专著《评但以理书和圣约翰启示录》,并且三次上书主教本特雷,论证上帝的存在。和达尔文同时提出进化论的动植物学家华莱士非常热心地研究催眠颅相学和神灵照相的江湖骗术,证明灵魂可以离开肉体独立存在。克鲁克…     

互惠教学:情境教学与认知教学结合的典范

互惠教学是一种教授阅读理解策略的教学模式,结合了专家示范教学与小组对话的特征。本文回顾了互惠教学这一教学模式的提出,以及在以往二十多年里这一领域所经历的策略研究、对话研究与教学情境研究的三个阶段;进而评价了以往研究中的不足。展望了今后研究的方向,为阅读策略的教学与研究提供了参考,并支持了专长研究的新视角。     

Volitional lifestyle in healthy elderly: its relevance to rest-activity cycle,nocturnal sleep,and daytime napping

Sleep-related problems are prevalent among the aged. The present study examined the influence of a mentally active or "volitional" lifestyle on the rest-activity cycle, nocturnal sleep, and daytime napping in the healthy elderly. 14 aged individuals with a high Volitional lifestyle (M = 74.1 yr. old) and 14 with a Low Volitional lifestyle (M = 73.0 yr. old) were screened by questionnaires including the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale scale and the Self-confidence scale. Their activity levels were monitored by a wrist actigraph system for 14 consecutive days. They were also asked to record daily sleep logs. The total times of nocturnal sleep and daytime napping did not differ between the groups. However, the acrophases of circadian (tau = 24 hr.) and circasemidian (tau = 12 hr.) activity cycles were more advanced in the Low Volitional group. In addition, the High Volitional group took a daytime nap with a better timing than did the Low Volitional group: the former started a nap during the phase in which their activity level was going down, whereas the latter when their activity level was going up. These results suggest that high volitional lifestyle may be related to better rest-activity cycle in the healthy elderly.     

Becoming a bilingual teacher in a Chinese university: a case study

Higher education in China has developed significantly over the past decades. Many universities have established cooperative partnerships with western universities, and overseas courses are being progressively introduced to China. At many Chinese universities, a cohort of teachers endeavor to open up bilingual subjects as a bridge to their students’ future learning; accordingly, there are higher expectations of the teachers involved in bilingual education and challenges for their professional development. In this case study, the researcher invites a Chinese professor to reflect on his experiences of bilingual instruction at a university situated in central China. After describing how the bilingual course in the case study was set up and the difficulties confronted, this study uses theories of hybrid identity and third space to contextualize how bilingual teachers experience hybrid identity construction and transformation in their adaptation to the new challenges. This in-depth study will shed light on the professional development of bilingual teachers in China’s higher education industry.     

自闭症谱系障碍个体的疼痛敏感性异常：来自元分析的证据

本研究采用元分析方法, 以疼痛阈限、疼痛诱发生理反应和疼痛评分为结果变量, 考察了自闭症谱系障碍个体(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)的疼痛敏感性异常, 以期为ASD的诊断和干预提供参考。元分析共纳入16项研究(总样本量N = 822)。对于疼痛阈限, ASD组和对照组无显著差异, 但受到疼痛模态等变量的调节作用, 如ASD组的压力疼痛阈限显著低于对照组。对于疼痛诱发生理反应, ASD组对现实医疗疼痛的生理反应强于对照组。然而, ASD组和对照组在疼痛评分上无显著差异。将来研究应结合多模态疼痛刺激和多维度疼痛评估, 系统考察ASD个体的疼痛敏感性及其与临床核心症状之间的联系。     

成熟对青春期型反社会行为的影响

Moffitt的反社会行为发展理论将反社会行为分为两种类型, 即终身型和青春期型, 其中, 青春期型反社会行为在青少年群体中发生的频率更高, 它一般在青春期早期产生, 在青春期晚期或成年期早期结束, 青春期个体的发育成熟会对青春期型反社会行为产生影响。成熟包括生理成熟和心理成熟两方面, 生理成熟或心理成熟的单独影响和共同影响均从不同角度解释了青春期型反社会行为的产生、发展和停止：生理成熟对青春期型反社会行为具有发展和强化作用; 心理成熟对青春期型反社会行为具有减缓和削弱作用; 生理成熟与心理成熟的交互作用减弱或强化了青春期型反社会行为; 生理成熟与心理成熟之间的成熟差距抑制了青春期型反社会行为。未来的研究还需就拓展不同类型成熟的研究、改进成熟度的计算方法、结合青少年成熟特点进行有针对性干预等方面进行更多的尝试和探索。     

小学儿童谦虚的道德评价

本研究分析比较了314名7、9、11岁儿童对谦虚故事的道德评价及其评价理由,试图以此初步揭示儿童谦虚观念的发展状况.结果表明随年龄增长,没有谦虚观念的儿童人数比例显著减少,9岁和11岁有谦虚观念的儿童比例显著高于7岁儿童,且11岁儿童出现了一种后谦虚观念--认为人做了好事就应该承认,没有必要谦虚.     

宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想研究

以二程和朱熹为代表的理学家的犯罪心理学思想比较丰富,对后世的犯罪心理学思想的发展具有重要影响。这里,我们拟从人性与犯罪、人欲与犯罪、刑罚与教化等三个方面对宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想作一些初步探讨。     

肯定类型对扩展接触改善同性恋态度的影响

采用单因素两水平(同伴肯定、权威肯定)的被试间实验,探究扩展群际接触干预下,不同的肯定类型对改善同性恋态度的效果差异。结果表明:(1)对于同性恋群体的外显态度比较积极,对同性恋群体的内隐偏见比较明显,二者存在分离现象;(2)扩展接触可以改善对同性恋群体的外显态度和内隐态度;(3)扩展接触情境下,相比同伴肯定,权威肯定能够明显改善对同性恋者的外显态度和内隐态度。