Cross-cultural validation of Holland’s interest structure in chinese population

This study evaluated [Holland, 1973], [Holland, 1985] and [Holland, 1997] structural hypotheses—circular order and circumplex—in two populations in China at both the subtest (Activities, Competencies, Occupational Preferences, and Self-ratings on Abilities) and the entire test levels of the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1994). Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the circumplex model was generally not supported for Chinese people. Randomization tests of hypothesized order relations suggested that the circular order model fit both Mainland China and Hong Kong samples at the Activities and Occupational Preferences subtests. Randomization tests of differences in fit indicated that there was generally no cultural or gender differences in terms of model fit. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.     

阅读水平不同的儿童解决比较型算术题研究

以不同阅读水平的30名小学三年级儿童为被试,以比较型算术应用题为材料,对解决算术应用题的能力进行研究,结果如下：1)在总得分上,阅读能力优秀组的得分显著高于阅读能力不良组,其它各组之间差异不显著。在解决问题的总时间上,阅读理解主效应显著,各组之间差异均显著,阅读能力越好,解题时间越少。2)题目类型主效应显著,一致型题得分显著高于不一致型题。在解题时间上,题目类型主效应不显著。     

《亲鸾梦记》之带妻神话论

净土真宗的祖师亲鸾是日本史上首位公然娶妻在俗的僧人。面对显密教团对女犯的攻击,教团内部自古有《亲鸾梦记》一文为据。此文以行者宿报设女犯,我成玉女身被犯,一生之间能庄严,临终引导生极乐为中心的观音指点论将亲鸾的带妻神化,从而赋予其破戒高度的正当性与权威性。《亲鸾梦记》不仅起到了美化亲鸾、重塑祖师形象的效果,更重要的是成为了真宗正统化的理论依据及在家宗风的源流。     

Functional brain activation differences in stuttering identified with a rapid fMRI sequence

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether brain activity related to the presence of stuttering can be identified with rapid functional MRI (fMRI) sequences that involved overt and covert speech processing tasks. The long-term goal is to develop sensitive fMRI approaches with developmentally appropriate tasks to identify deviant speech motor and auditory brain activity in children who stutter closer to the age at which recovery from stuttering is documented. Rapid sequences may be preferred for individuals or populations who do not tolerate long scanning sessions. In this report, we document the application of a picture naming and phoneme monitoring task in 3 min fMRI sequences with adults who stutter (AWS). If relevant brain differences are found in AWS with these approaches that conform to previous reports, then these approaches can be extended to younger populations. Pairwise contrasts of brain BOLD activity between AWS and normally fluent adults indicated the AWS showed higher BOLD activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right temporal lobe and sensorimotor cortices during picture naming and higher activity in the right IFG during phoneme monitoring. The right lateralized pattern of BOLD activity together with higher activity in sensorimotor cortices is consistent with previous reports, which indicates rapid fMRI sequences can be considered for investigating stuttering in younger participants.Educational objectives: The reader will learn about and be able to describe the: (1) use of functional MRI to study persistent developmental stuttering; (2) differences in brain activation between persons who stutter and normally fluent speakers; and (3) potential benefit of time efficient fMRI sequences combined with a range of speech processing tasks for investigating stuttering in younger populations.     

犯罪心理学研究中运用量化方法引起的理论思考

量化与统计分析,是一项重要的研究方法。这一方法在犯罪心理学研究中得到了广泛运用,同时也存在着使用的局限性。犯罪人有很强的心理掩饰性,对包括犯罪人在内的人的心理的测量实际上是一种间接测量,测得的数据是心理学家标定的数据,兼有客观性与主观性。量化研究如果不与科学思维相结合,有可能得出浅薄平庸甚至错误的结论。心理学研究应当以"人性"为基点,多种方法综合运用,实现量化方法与非量化方法的有机结合。     

宗教裁判所为什么迫害自然科学家

在科学史上,许多著名的科学家如伽利略、布鲁诺、塞尔维特等一批著名的自然科学家都惨遭“宗教裁判所”的审判,伽利略受到了侮辱,布鲁诺受到了“火刑”,他们在那样的时代,为了科学的进步都付出了昂贵的代价,甚至是生命的代价在他们所处的时代,他们为什么会不顾个人的安危来从事并没有任何功利性的科学事业呢?要想了解宗教裁判所为什么迫害自然科学家     

思维风格与创造性倾向关系的研究

本研究运用斯腾伯格编制的思维风格问卷与威廉斯编制王木荣等修订的创造性倾向问卷对大学生进行测量 ,比较了不同思维风格创造性倾向的高低 ,以及思维风格对创造性倾向的预测。发现可以从思维风格这种认知方式的角度对创造力作定性、定量的阐述 ,高创造性倾向者在某些风格上显著高于低创造性倾向者。本研究还探讨了大学生思维风格的特点 ,比较了不同专业及性别在思维风格上的差异 ,为了解我国大学生思维风格特点提供了一些资料。     

Employee-sharing and consumers' brand attitudes during COVID-19: A CSR perspective

The rapid proliferation of COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to many companies. Under these circumstances, employee-sharing has become a valuable strategy to help enterprises resume work and production. Based on the event system theory, we explored the impact of employee-sharing event strength on consumers' brand attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic through a corporate social responsibility (CSR) lens. Also, we verified that employee-sharing event strength during the COVID-19 pandemic positively affected consumers' internal (ICSR) and external (ECSR) perceptions of enterprises, improving consumers' brand attitudes and validating the positive moderating effect of customer-company identification. Thus, this study provides theoretical insights and managerial implications for CSR.     

The Effect of Self‐Consciousness on the Expression of Gender Views1

This study examines the effect of public self‐consciousness on the expression of gender‐role attitudes. It was hypothesized that high publics were more likely to alter their gender‐view expressions to meet situational expectations than were high privates and that, under an activated state of public self‐attention, people were more likely to alter their gender views. Tested in 156 college students in a quasi‐experiment conducted in classrooms, these hypotheses were supported only in work‐related gender‐role attitude expressions, but not in domestic gender‐view expressions The experimental manipulation of public self‐consciousness in a classroom setting might have made work‐related identities more salient. Correspondingly, participants were more responsive to regulating work but not domestic gender views.