论卫生改革的改革

首先讨论我国卫生改革的评价问题,指出对改革的评价表面上似乎是个事实判断,但实际上是个价值判断,并列举数据说明改革引起的不公正后果。其次指出我国的卫生改革一开始就缺乏伦理基准,并详细论述了应该具有的伦理基准是什么。最后讨论了市场在医疗卫生事业的作用,以及对卫生改革的改革建议。     

美国社区卫生服务运行机制和管理模式研究

美国的卫生服务系统由社区卫生服务和医院服务两大部分组成。通过从组织形式、筹资机制、人力资源、动力与约束机制以及管理几个方面,对美国社区卫生服务的运行机制与管理模式进行分析,以期对我国社区卫生的发展有所借鉴与帮助。     

“健康国家”战略发展的过程与国际经验

基于健康价值概念,居民健康所面临的挑战,以及医疗卫生服务发展趋势,系统描述了“健康国家”战略的发展过程与国际社会实施“健康国家”战略的基本情况,并提出了可借鉴与学习的经验。     

国家卫生财政政策补助对象的顺序选择

论述了国家卫生财政政策补助对象的选择问题,公共卫生服务物品提供机构与医疗服务物品提供机构之间的选择、医疗机构与患者之间的选择、公共卫生服务物品提供机构与居民之间的选择以及医疗机构与医生之间的选择,提出了卫生财政政策补助对象的选择顺序,公共卫生服务物品生产和分配机构,医疗保障机构,患者,医生,医疗机构。     

Preventing Serious Conduct Problems in School-Age Youth: The Fast Track Program

Children with early-starting conduct problems have a very poor prognosis and exact a high cost to society. The Fast Track project is a multisite, collaborative research project investigating the efficacy of a comprehensive, long-term, multicomponent intervention designed to prevent the development of serious conduct problems in high-risk children. In this article, we (a) provide an overview of the developmental model that serves as the conceptual foundation for the Fast Track intervention and describe its integration into the intervention model; (b) outline the research design and intervention model, with an emphasis on the elementary school phase of the intervention; and (c) summarize findings to date concerning intervention outcomes. We then provide a case illustration, and conclude with a discussion of guidelines for practitioners who work with children with conduct problems.     

Time of day affects episodic memory in older adults

The neuropsychological test scores of 2030 cognitively normal older adults were examined to evaluate performance patterns as they related to time of day (TOD) at which testing was initiated. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association of TOD with scores on seven neuropsychological tests used in the clinical evaluation of dementia. Episodic memory performance was significantly related to TOD, while memory span and verbal fluency were not. Best performance occurred during early morning hours and late afternoon; worst performance occurred mid-day (i.e., noon). These findings may have implications for clinical assessment, the design of research on dementia, and the daily functioning of older adults.     

遗传学认识的特征、争论及其社会控制

20世纪遗传学取得的重大成就并不能掩盖它与人类社会的伦理、宗教、法律之间的不和谐.如何更加正确和高效地进行遗传学的研究和技术应用已经成为各国自然科学家和社会科学家共同关心的问题.概括了遗传学认识的特征,分析了现代遗传学理论同各种传统认识之间存在的争论,并结合当今在遗传学理论研究和技术运用中出现的社会问题提出社会控制的措施.     

脑死亡立法的伦理辩护

"脑死亡"立法是必要的并可以得到充分的伦理辩护:尊重人,特别是尊重人的自主性是"脑死亡"立法的伦理基础."脑死亡"立法符合有利和公平的伦理原则,符合功利主义伦理学追求社会利益最大化的目的.但我们在立法时,应尽量贯彻不伤害原则,注意保护患者及其亲属的利益.     

初中生心理顽强性与主观幸福感的相关研究

目的探讨初中生心理顽强性与主观幸福感之间的相关性。方法采用自制心理顽强性量表和中学生牛津幸福感问卷,对调查结果进行T检验、方差分析、典型相关分析。结果①初中生心理顽强性存在性别差异,年级差异。②初中生主观幸福感的性别差异整体不显著,但女生的情绪体验得分要显著高于男生,同时还存在在年级差异。③初中生的责任感和自控感越高,就有越正向的自我感知和情绪体验。结论：心理顽强性与主观幸福感之间存在显著正相关。