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261.
This study examined the effects of family structure (intact, stepparent, and single parent) on children's self-concepts, using Parish and Taylor's Personal Attribute Inventory for Children. One hundred sixty-six institutionalized children in Grades 5 through 12 participated in the study. Although a trend was noted for students from single-parent families to check fewer positive adjectives, they did not differ significantly (.05 level) from children from intact families or stepfamilies. 相似文献
262.
B B White 《Family process》1989,28(1):89-106
This study examined conflict-resolution interactions of couples, and related marital satisfaction to sequential and nonsequential communication patterns. Couples' satisfaction with marriage has been differentiated on the basis of the degree of coercive versus affiliative communication between partners. Results of this study indicate that this pattern differs, however, for individuals within couples on the basis of gender. Females and males were found to demonstrate different styles of response to dissatisfaction in marriage; men assume a coercive stance toward their partners while women take an affiliative position. Drawing on systemic and gender-difference theoretical perspectives, these patterns are interpreted as attempts by individuals with different world views to resolve conflict. A view is discussed whereby systems and gender differences can be integrated into a unified conceptual formulation upon which to base future development in research and therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
263.
The present investigation examined the characteristics of school-identified learning disabled students from a large metropolitan school district in Tennessee. While it corroborated several findings of previous surveys of such students, this report also supplemented the literature by comparing the differences within a three-year span of time between school-identified learning disabled students who were assigned to self-contained classrooms and those who were assigned to resource rooms. Among the major findings were the presence of initial differences in IQ between self-contained and resource room students, the absence of differences in initial achievement scores between these two groups, and a decline over time in IQ, arithmetic, and spelling scores for both groups. 相似文献
264.
In order to investigate the relative strengths of status and sex-typing of occupations on evaluations of job outcomes, this study varied sex of subject, sex of stimulus person, status of occupation, sex-typing of occupation, and job outcome in a three-between, two-within factorial design. Contrary to previous research, subjects' beliefs about stimulus persons' affective reactions to job outcomes were not consistent with rigid sex-typing of jobs. Instead, the data suggest that crossing the sex-typing barrier in occupations is receiving growing acceptance, and that subjects are aware of sex segregation and discrimination in the labor force. Other data suggest that subjects' beliefs about job outcomes are influenced by belief in a just world.The authors wish to thank Walter G. Stephan for commenting on an earlier version of this article. 相似文献
265.
Thomas G White 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1982,33(2):324-346
Preschool children (3 to 5 years of age) in an initial study underextended superordinate labels. The labels (e.g., food) were not applied to category instances that were rated as atypical by adults (e.g., ketchup). In a second experiment, mothers seldom used a superordinate term in referring to pairs of the same atypical instances, but they did label pairs of typical instances with a superordinate. A third experiment demonstrated the effects of several word-referent modeling conditions on young children's comprehension of a superordinate term. The results were viewed as suggesting that the child undergeneralizes superordinate labels because adult naming practices are such that category instances having certain functional or perceptual attributes may be labeled with a superordinate, while other, dissimilar instances are almost always labeled with subordinate names instead of a superordinate. 相似文献
266.
267.
Vicarious extinction of phobic behavior in early childhood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fifteen children who had previously demonstrated phobic behavior under dental treatment were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Each condition involved six sessions which were conducted over a three week interval. Results supported the efficacy of modeling as a means of ameliorating phobic behavior in the dental treatment situation. Although viewing the operatory and professional staff alone appeared therapeutic, modeling was considered a superior mode of treatment. 相似文献
268.
In five experiments using as dimensions brightness, texture, facial happiness, height, and weight, young children (ages 3.4 to 5.3 years) rendered bipolar judgments of stimuli intermediate in value between alternately given extreme anchors. Consistent relational shifts away from the anchors were found for all dimensions judged, and these effects proved virtually independent of children’s ages, the sequential orders of stimulus and anchor presentation, or the provision of overt visual memory props. Evidence of relational judgment within the narrower range of the test stimuli alone was also found. Essentially similar relational judgments were replicated with a sample of severe adult mental retardates. 相似文献
269.
Perseveration by rats with amygdaloid lesions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N White 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》1971,77(3):416-426
270.