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281.
Viren Swami Flora Chan Vivien Wong Adrian Furnham Martin J. Tovée 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(4):968-981
This study explored weight‐based discrimination using a range of weight categories, as represented by images of real women with known body mass index (BMI). In the first study, 30 men rated each image according to likelihood of occupational hiring for a managerial post. In the second study, 28 men rated the same images for likelihood of helping behavior following a minor accident. Study results showed that individuals with a slender body weight (BMI = 19–20) were most likely to be hired and helped, while obese (BMI > 30) participants were least likely to be hired and helped. However, results also showed that emaciated (BMI < 15) individuals were likely to be discriminated against. Implications for real‐life settings are discussed. 相似文献
282.
Foweather L McWhannell N Henaghan J Lees A Stratton G Batterham AM 《Perceptual and motor skills》2008,106(3):745-754
This exploratory study examined the effects of a 9-wk. after-school multiskills club on fundamental movement skill proficiency in 8- to 9-yr.-old children. Two schools were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 15 children) or multiskill club (n = 19 children) condition. The multiskill club received 18 coaching sessions designed to improve fundamental movement skills. The control group followed normal routines. 7 skills were assessed using process-oriented measures with video analysis. Participation in the multiskill club yielded significant improvements in proficiency at posttest only in static balance, while potentially practically important improvements were observed in performance of the catch, throw, and kick skills. The after-school multiskill club offered a viable opportunity for movement skill acquisition, but any such programme would need to run for a longer duration to assess whether this type of activity could benefit all skills. 相似文献
283.
284.
John Arnold John Loan-Clarke Adrian Wilkinson Diane Preston 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2006,69(3):374-390
We tested the capacity of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to account for intentions to work for the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) as a nurse, physiotherapist or radiographer amongst three groups: professionally unqualified (N = 507), in professional training (N = 244), and professionally qualified (N = 227). We found strong support for the three core TPB variables attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control as predictors of behavioral intention, and limited support for two additional variables: moral obligation and identification. There were some differences in the relative importance of TPB variables between groups. We conclude that the TPB has utility for more complex behaviors as well as simpler ones that are more frequently researched. However, more attention should be paid to differences in people’s circumstances, particularly regarding past vocational decisions and behavior, and to obstacles to implementing an intention. 相似文献
285.
Marie-Christine Ouellet Miriam H Beauchamp Adrian M Owen Julien Doyon 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2004,58(4):272-288
A computerized version of the Tower of London task was used to investigate cognitive skill learning. Thirty-six healthy volunteers were assigned to either a random condition (nonrecurring problems), or to a sequence condition in which, unbeknownst to the subjects, a repeating sequence of three problems was presented. Indices of execution, planning, and total time, as well as number of moves performed, were used to measure behavioural change. Subjects' performance improved in both conditions across blocks of practice. A distinct learning effect related to the repeating sequence was also observed. This suggests that a specific skill that reflects procedural learning of the strategies, rules, and procedures pertaining to repeating problems can develop over and above a more general skill at solving cognitive planning problems with practice. 相似文献
286.
Previous research into intergroup attribution has addressed mainly the behavior of groups to which members are ascribed (e.g.
gender, race). The attribution processes of groups of which membership is achieved (e.g. friendship groups) is less well understood,
and the current study sought to address this. Fifty-five undergraduate participants were asked to explain the positive and
negative behavior of a member of the in-group and a member of the out-group. As predicted, the participants attributed an
in-group member's positive behavior more, and their negative behavior less, to internal, global, and specific causes than
they did the corresponding behavior of an out-group member. There was also evidence that the participants employed a strategy
of out-group derogation in their attributions: they made a higher intemality rating for an out-group member's negative behavior
than they did for that person's positive behavior. It is proposed that the current study's use of achieved groups maximized
participants' levels of group identification, and that this in turn motivated behavioral strategies aimed at protecting that
identity. 相似文献
287.
This study set out to determine to what extent three recalled parental (care, discouragement of behavioural freedom, denial
of psychological autonomy), self-esteem, and self-criticism predicted self-rated happiness in a normal, non-clinical, population
of young people in their late teens and early 20s. Three hundred and sixty-five participants completed four questionnaires:
Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling and Brown: 1979, British Journal of Medical Psychology 55, pp. 1–10), Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg: 1965, Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ)), Self-Criticism
Questionnaire (Brewin, Firth-Cozens, Furnham and McManus: 1992, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, pp. 561–566), and the
Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, Martin and Crossland: 1989, Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An International Perspective
(Elsevier, North Holland)). Regressions showed self-esteem (the positive five items) to be the most dominant and powerful
correlate of happiness. Maternal care was a significant correlate of both self-esteem and self-criticism. Maternal care was
the only direct correlate of happiness when paternal and maternal rearing styles were examined together suggesting that the
warmth showed by mothers towards their children was particularly beneficial in increasing the offsprings' scores on self-reported
happiness.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
288.
Adrian Furnham Barrie Gunter Freya Richardson 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(1):124-141
This study examined the effects of program context on the memory of congruent or incongruent television (TV) advertisements on a youth sample (N= 123) aged 16 to 19 years. An experimental design was developed to test memory for a set of 6 car advertisements and 6 food advertisements within 2 program contexts: a car program and a food program. Memory for car advertisements was significantly better than memory for food advertisements in the free‐recall condition, but the opposite was true in the cued‐recall condition. Free recall of car advertisements in the food program was significantly better than of food advertisements in the food program. Levels of involvement were found to be unrelated to recall and recognition of advertisements. 相似文献
289.
Predictors of Cheating Behavior at a University: A Lesson From the Psychology of Work 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chris J. Jackson Stephen Z. Levine Adrian Furnham Nicole Burr 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(5):1031-1046
The present study investigated students' behavior across academic departments to establish how personality, demographic, educational, attitudinal, and climate (both psychological and departmental) predicted self-reported cheating behavior at a university. Participants were 107 students from a variety of academic disciplines. The results explain 50.5% of the variability in self-reported cheating behavior in terms of demographic (male, school education qualifications), departmental climate, and individual differences (Lie and Neuroticism scales). We concluded that an expanded theoretical perspective (utilizing a wide range of person and situation variables) explained more variability than would otherwise be explained from any single perspective, and that findings from the literature of integrity at work generalize to educational settings. Finally, we discuss the limitations and implications of this research. 相似文献
290.
In both Being and Nothingness and the Notebooks for an Ethics we are told how one needs the Ego to get along in the everyday world, but yet at the same time that it is a psychic phenomenon that easily distorts everyday experience. In this paper, it is shown how, for Sartre, friends can play an important role by helping each other overcome the vested interest in maintaining the experience of a false, set identity that is engendered by the Ego. In addition, reference to the Notebooks will make it clear that support per se is insufficient to enable one to transcend the constraints of an entrenched Ego, and that instead this form of aid must be taken in conjunction with challenge, or a type of positive conflict, if one is going to be able effectively to help a friend for the task in question. 相似文献