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191.
Bevan Adrian Craig Darren Peter Morton Lillian Marton Kent Alva Barry Gane Terry Leslie Butler Paul Meredith Rankin Kevin Ross Price 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(3):994-1009
Students attending Seventh-day Adventist (Adventist) schools in Australia have been shown to have better health status and behaviours compared to secular norms, yet these schools cater for a high percentage of non-Adventist students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of religious affiliation (Adventist/non-Adventist) on the health status and behaviours of students attending Adventist secondary schools in Australia. The sample included 1734 students who responded to a health and lifestyle survey that captured demographic details, self-reported height and weight, self-reported health status, mental health and select health behaviours. Students who identified themselves as Adventist reported significantly better health behaviours than the non-Adventist students in several behavioural domains, especially among the male students. However, this did not translate to a difference in health status. Further research is needed to understand the causal mechanisms responsible for the potential health advantage of Adventist students, which may include family or church religious influences. 相似文献
192.
193.
Thought experiments have played a pivotal role in many debates within ethics—and in particular within applied ethics—over
the past 30 years. Nonetheless, despite their having become a commonly used philosophical tool, there is something odd about
the extensive reliance upon thought experiments in areas of philosophy, such as applied ethics, that are so obviously oriented
towards practical life. Herein I provide a moderate defence of their use in applied philosophy against those three objections.
I do not defend all possible uses of thought experiments but suggest that we should distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate
uses. Their legitimate uses are determined not so much by the modal content of any actual thought experiment itself, but by
the extent to which the argument in which it is nested follows basic tenets of informal logic and respects the fundamental
contingency of applied ethical problems. In pursuing these ideas, I do not so much provide a set of criteria for their legitimate
use, but more modestly present two significant ways in which their use can go awry. 相似文献
194.
Amir H. Pakpour Isa Mohammadi Zeidi Nikos Chatzisarantis Stig Molsted Adrian P. Harrison Ronald C. Plotnikoff 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2011,12(6):609-614
Objective
Patients on dialysis have low physical activity levels. The aim of the study was to examine the validity of action planning and coping planning within the theory of planned behaviour framework, for predicting physical activity behaviour of patients on haemodialysis.Design
This is a prospective study design.Methods
One hundred and forty-four patients who were undergoing haemodialysis were selected from dialysis centres. The mean age of the patients was 56.61 (SD = 11.38) years. The patients completed a questionnaire including variables from the theory of planned behaviour, action planning and coping planning. Physical activity was prospectively assessed at 4-weeks with the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire self-report measure. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of action planning and coping planning on physical activity behaviour.Results
There was a main effect for coping planning but not for action planning. Moreover, the analyses resulted in a significant amount of incremental variance accounted for by the interaction of coping planning and intention.Conclusion
Results suggest the combination of high levels of coping planning and intention is associated with increases in physical activity. 相似文献195.
Playing videogames is now a major leisure pursuit, yet research in the area is comparatively sparse. Previous correlational evidence suggests that subjective time loss occurs during playing videogames. This study examined experiences of time loss among a relatively large group of gamers (n = 280). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through an online survey. Results showed that time loss occurred irrespective of gender, age, or frequency of play, but was associated with particular structural characteristics of games such as their complexity, the presence of multi-levels, missions and/or high scores, multiplayer interactions, and plot. Results also demonstrated that time loss could have both positive and negative outcomes for players. Positive aspects of time loss included helping players to relax and temporarily escape from reality. Negative aspects included the sacrificing of other things in their lives, guilty feelings about wasted time, and social conflict. It is concluded that for many gamers, losing track of time is a positive experience and is one of the main reasons for playing videogames. 相似文献
196.
Jeff Gavin Jill Duffield Mark Brosnan Richard Joiner Pam Maras Adrian J Scott 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(3):478-481
Theory and research suggest that Internet identification may account for some of the gender divide in Internet use. Internet identification is a type of domain identification, and is inherently bound with images of those who use the Internet, a domain traditionally conceived as masculine. Combining the "draw an Internet user" test with an Internet identification scale, this study tests two hypotheses: participants drawing gender-concordant images will (i) identify with and (ii) use the Internet more than those drawing gender-discordant images. Participants were 371 students (121 males, 250 females) from three universities in the United Kingdom and Australia. The need to challenge masculinized images of the Internet is discussed. 相似文献
197.
198.
Postdeployment Suicide Risk Increases Over a 6‐month Period: Predictors of Increased Risk among Midwestern Army National Guard Soldiers 下载免费PDF全文
Hyungjin Myra Kim ScD Debra Siegel Levine PhD Paul N. Pfeiffer MD Adrian J. Blow PhD Christopher Marchiondo PhD Heather Walters MS Marcia Valenstein MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(4):421-435
National Guard (NG) soldiers returning from deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan were surveyed at 6 and 12 months following their return (N = 970). The overall prevalence of suicide risk at 6 and 12 months following their return was assessed, as were changes in suicide risk among soldiers initially at high or low risk. Factors associated with changes in risk were assessed. The percentage of NG soldiers with high suicide risk increased from 6.8% at 6 months to 9.2% at 12 months (odds ratio = 1.7, p = .02). In the 882 soldiers initially at low risk, 5.9% (52/882) became high risk at 12 months; in the 64 soldiers initially at high risk, 46.9% (30/64) became low risk at 12 months. Initial levels of depressive symptoms were predictive of changing to high risk; this association appeared to be partially explained by soldier reports of increased search in the meaning in life and higher levels of perceived stress. Because suicide risk increases over the first 12 months, continued risk assessments during this time period should be considered. Supporting soldiers to find meaning in their life after deployment and enhancing their capacity to cope with perceived stress may help prevent increases in suicide risk over time. 相似文献
199.
Ellen M. Migo Adrian Roper Daniela Montaldi Andrew R. Mayes 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):470-473
Word stem completion tasks involve showing participants a number of words and then later asking them to complete word stems
to make a full word. If the stem is completed with one of the studied words, it indicates memory. It is a test widely used
to assess both implicit and explicit forms of memory. An important aspect of stimulus selection is that target words should
not frequently be generated spontaneously from the word stem, to ensure that production of the word really represents memory.
In this article, we present a database of spontaneous stem completion rates for 395 stems from a group of 80 British undergraduate
psychology students. It includes information on other characteristics of the words (word frequency, concreteness, imageability,
age of acquisition, common part of speech, and number of letters) and, as such, can be used to select suitable words to include
in a stem completion task. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://brm .psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
200.
This study set out to determine to what extent three recalled parental (care, discouragement of behavioural freedom, denial
of psychological autonomy), self-esteem, and self-criticism predicted self-rated happiness in a normal, non-clinical, population
of young people in their late teens and early 20s. Three hundred and sixty-five participants completed four questionnaires:
Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling and Brown: 1979, British Journal of Medical Psychology 55, pp. 1–10), Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg: 1965, Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ)), Self-Criticism
Questionnaire (Brewin, Firth-Cozens, Furnham and McManus: 1992, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 101, pp. 561–566), and the
Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, Martin and Crossland: 1989, Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An International Perspective
(Elsevier, North Holland)). Regressions showed self-esteem (the positive five items) to be the most dominant and powerful
correlate of happiness. Maternal care was a significant correlate of both self-esteem and self-criticism. Maternal care was
the only direct correlate of happiness when paternal and maternal rearing styles were examined together suggesting that the
warmth showed by mothers towards their children was particularly beneficial in increasing the offsprings' scores on self-reported
happiness.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献