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591.
This study set out to examine the susceptability of two widely used, self-report, psychiatric inventories to response set bias. Subjects were requested to either fake well (physically and psychologically fit), fake psychologically ill, fake physically ill or respond honestly on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Langner Scale of Distress (L-22). Predictably subjects who faked well had significantly lower scores than either of the other two experimental groups, however there was no difference between the Fake Well and Control group on the GHQ total or the Somatic and Depression scales. Subjects who faked psychologically ill showed 4 out of 11 significant differences between those who faked physically ill. All of the comparisons between the two Fake Ill groups, and the Well and Control groups, were statistically significant the former reporting higher incidences of distress than the latter. The results are discussed in terms of questionnaire design, subject motivation and alternative methods of assessing mental health. 相似文献
592.
Adrian Furnham 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1983,11(2):197-201
Nearly 200 people were administered the Langner-22 index of mental health. They were divided into five groups depending on their employment status: full-time employed, part-time employed, unemployed, retired, and students. Although there were no age or sex differences in the total mental-health score, there was a significant difference between the five employment groups' total score, with full-time employed people having the lowest score and unemployed people the highest score. There was, however, no significant difference between the scores of the part-time employed and unemployed, which were moderately high, and of students and retired people, which were intermediate. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of employment in relation to mental health, and in terms of the nature of part-time employment. 相似文献
593.
William B. Templeton Ian P. Howard D. Adrian Wilkinson 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,15(2):249-257
Ss pointed with each hand at a light or at the unseen toe and looked in the direction of the unseen toe before, during, and after training one arm to point to a visual target which was progressively displaced to one side by a prism. Results show that a proprioceptive change in the trained arm is a universal component of the adaptation. When a change in the eye-head system occurs, it and the proprioceptive change in the arm sum to the total adaptation and it is accompanied by a predictable degree of intermanual transfer of the adaptation, as a felt-position theory of adaptation would predict. However, when there is no change in the eye-head system, the proprioceptive shift is not always sufficient to account for the total adaptive shift. 相似文献
594.
595.
It was demonstrated by Singh and Young (1995)that morphological features such as overall body fatdistribution measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) andbreast size, influence judgments of femaleattractiveness, age, and desirability for relationships. Thepresent study was a replication and extension of thatresearch, using both male and female participants. Theresults supported the general findings of the original study, and as predicted, the effect of breastsize on attractiveness judgments depended on overallbody fat and WHR. The significance of interactionswithin the different morphological features whichdetermine female attractiveness were noted. Overall,there were surprisingly few sex differences. Results arediscussed in terms of the socio-biological theoriescurrently popular in the literature. 相似文献
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598.
Berlyne's theory of aesthetic response was tested in an ecologically valid setting by playing music in a university cafeteria. Four music conditions were employed representing low, high, and moderate complexity new age music, and moderate complexity mechanical organ music. Response measures were how readily diners cited the music as an aspect of the environment which they might like to change, and how much they liked the music. Liking for the new age extracts was consistent with Berlyne's theory, although liking for the moderate complexity mechanical organ music indicated that factors other than complexity may also determine musical preference. As dislike became more extreme, music became more salient as a feature of the environment that subjects might like to change. 相似文献
599.
600.
Seven experiments were conducted to replicate, and extend, a finding by Tipper, Driver, and Weaver (1991). They reported evidence for dynamic, object-centered inhibition of return (IOR)—that is, coding of inhibition following a peripheral cue in coordinates that move with the previously cued object, providing a dynamic bias against reattending to that object. The present experiments used a variation of Posner and Cohen’s (1984) spatial cuing paradigm. Subjects responded manually (simple reaction time) to a luminance increment in one of two peripheral boxes, one of which had previously been cued (brightened). Experiments 1, 2, and 5 replicated the standard (environmental) IOR effect when the display was stationary. IOR was more marked for right-side targets than for left-side targets and tended to be affected by the compatibility between response hand and (cued) target position. However, when the boxes moved around the display center (Experiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7), contrary to Tipper et al., there was no evidence of dynamic, object-centered IOR. Rather, there was strong evidence of attentive tracking of whatever box happened to move from left to right, irrespective of the direction of its motion (clockwise or counterclockwise) and whether it was more likely to contain the target than the other (right-to-left moving) box. There was a tendency for left-to-right tracking to be more marked with right-hand responses, pointing to the existence of a dynamic stimulus-response compatibility effect. The implications of the present findings for the role of attentive tracking and IOR in dynamic scenes are discussed. 相似文献