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561.
It was demonstrated by Singh and Young (1995)that morphological features such as overall body fatdistribution measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) andbreast size, influence judgments of femaleattractiveness, age, and desirability for relationships. Thepresent study was a replication and extension of thatresearch, using both male and female participants. Theresults supported the general findings of the original study, and as predicted, the effect of breastsize on attractiveness judgments depended on overallbody fat and WHR. The significance of interactionswithin the different morphological features whichdetermine female attractiveness were noted. Overall,there were surprisingly few sex differences. Results arediscussed in terms of the socio-biological theoriescurrently popular in the literature. 相似文献
562.
Adrian Furnham 《Current Psychology》1987,6(3):244-255
Seven locus of control scales—two designed for adults and five for children—were administered to about 200 adolescents. A
content analysis revealed very little overlap between the scales which had practically no effect on the correlations between
them. Correlations between the five children’s locus of control scale scores were highly significant, and nearly all greater
than .50, but the two adult scales showed very little significant correlations either with each other, or any of the children’s
scales. A number of demographic variables were correlated with total scale scores of which age was the most significant. The
results are discussed in terms of the multidimensional nature of the concept, psychometric evaluation of locus of control
beliefs in different age groups and the specificity of the concept in general. 相似文献
563.
564.
Adrian Furnham 《欧洲人格杂志》1990,4(4):319-327
This study examined the relationship between subjects' actual test derived scores and their estimates of what those scores would be. Fifty-six subjects completed three questionnaires (Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; FIRO-B; Myers—Briggs Type Indicator MBTI), and then estimated the scores on each dimension (15 in all) for themselves and another person that they knew well. The results showed significant positive correlations on 10 of the 15 dimensions for themselves. The dimensions that they were best at estimating were Morningness-Eveningness; Extraversion, and Thinking on the MBTI; and Wanted and Expressed Inclusion on the FIRO-B. Eight correlations reached significance concerning their ability to predict another known person's scores but were lower than for their own estimate-actual score correlations. Whereas subjects believed that they were like the other person they nominated (12 of the 15 correlations were significantly positive), in actual fact their test derived scores showed only five significant findings, two positive and the others negative. The results are discussed in terms of lay theories of personality and their relationship to personality assessment. 相似文献
565.
Adrian Furnham 《Current Psychology》1989,8(1):30-37
This study examined the relationship between subjects’ actual test derived scores and their estimates of what those scores
would be. Sixty subjects completed the 16 PF (form D) and then estimated the scores on each dimension for themselves and another
person they knew well. The results showed significant positive correlations on 9 of the 16 dimensions for themselves. The
dimensions they were best at estimating were Desurgency-Surgency, Untroubled adequacy-guilt proneness and Threctia-Parmia.
Only two correlations (both negative) reached significance concerning their ability to predict another known person’s scores.
Whereas subjects believed they were like the other person they nominated (13 of the 16 correlations were significantly positive),
in actual fact their test derived scores showed only two significant findings, one positive and the other negative. Results
are discussed in terms of lay theories of personality and their relationship to personality assessment. 相似文献
566.
To test the selective recall hypothesis, nearly 60 subjects read a report of approximately 500 words presenting both pro-
and anti-attitudes to nuclear technology. Two hours prior to this they completed the Nuclear Attitudes Questionnaire. Subjects
were given free and cued recall tests approximately five minutes after reading the report. The results partially supported
the selective recall hypothesis, paticularly with respect to the free recall of anti-nuclear information. Results are discussed
in terms of the recent work on selective memory effects. 相似文献
567.
While literature demonstrates that the relationship between religion and well-being is generally positive, information about the mechanisms is still far from clear. Two hundred and sixty-eight Chinese were recruited to examine how Protestant spirituality is related to well-being in Hong Kong. Path analysis demonstrated the complex relationship between various spirituality dimensions (religious belief, experience, and practice) and well-being variables, manifested in life satisfaction, social trust and sense of community. While spirituality may directly predict life satisfaction, the relationship between spirituality and social trust are fully mediated through sense of community. Furthermore, the well-being at the community level (feeling sense of community and social trust) appears to affect the well-being on the personal level (life satisfaction). These findings not only show that the influence of religion on people’s well-being can be richly diverse, but also match with the emerging literature on the positive effects of social capital on health and well-being. 相似文献
568.
Adrian J. Tomyn Elli Tamir Mark A. Stokes Paulo C. Dias 《Applied research in quality of life》2016,11(3):837-851
The practice of comparing nations on subjective wellbeing (SWB) is becoming commonplace, with many countries ranked by economists and social scientists alike according to average levels of SWB based on survey responses. Such large, multi-national population surveys have the potential to generate insights into the causes and correlates of SWB within different cultural groups, as well as inform policy regarding how to improve the wellbeing of citizens. At the heart of these large-scale research endeavors are SWB measures that function equivalently between the various participating cultural groups. For this reason, it is concerning that their remains a paucity of research that supports measurement equivalence for many SWB instruments commonly employed. Thus, it remains unclear whether variations in SWB across cultures reflect true differences, or whether these differences reflect measurement biases (e.g., response bias inherent within a particular cultural group). The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric equivalence of the Personal Wellbeing Index–School Children (PWI-SC) in convenience samples of Australian and Portuguese adolescents using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis. Participants comprising the Australian sample were 1104 Victorian high-school students aged between 12 and 19 years (M?=?14.42, SD?=?1.63). Participants comprising the Portuguese sample were 573 high-school students living in Portugal aged between 12 and 18 years (M?=?14.32, SD?=?1.72). The results demonstrated strict factorial invariance between both versions of the PWI-SC, suggesting that this scale measures the same underlying construct in both samples. Moreover, these findings provide preliminary support for quantitative comparisons between Australian and Portuguese adolescents on the SWB variable as valid. 相似文献
569.
Creativity is negatively associated with certain personality traits (e.g., conformity) and social influences (e.g., group pressure). In this study, creativity was examined in relation to unconventionality, which was expected to correlate positively with creativity, especially originality. This hypothesis was based on the theory that unconventional people hold uncommon views and attitudes and develop more diverging concepts and associations, which build the foundation for creative thinking. To examine the hypothesis, an online study with N = 90 participants was conducted. Unconventionality was measured with a new self-rating questionnaire, and creativity was measured with unusual uses, consequences, and explanations measures, which assessed both originality (rarity and uniqueness) and flexibility (diversity). The association of unconventionality with originality, after controlling for flexibility, was compared to other constructs (openness, conservatism, education). Path analysis revealed strong effects of unconventionality on originality (latent β = .58, r = .64). Unconventionality continued to predict originality after controlling for openness, which was weakly related to originality (β = .08, r = .49). Unconventionality weakly predicted flexibility (β = .09, r = .26). Supplemental analyses indicated that the effects of unconventionality on originality were not attributable to confounds (e.g., conservatism or education). The results indicate that the effects of unconventionality are positive, specific, substantial, and independent of related constructs (e.g., openness). 相似文献
570.
Grant J. Rich and Uwe P. Gielen (Eds.). Pathfinders in International Psychology. Charlotte,NC: Information Age, 2015. xiii+268 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐68123‐143‐3 (Paperback); 978‐1‐68123‐144‐0 (Hardback); 978‐1‐68123‐145‐7 (ebook).
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Adrian C. Brock 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2016,52(2):190-192