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71.
Tutter A 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2011,80(4):915-959
The convergence of features of Raymond Carver's short-story oeuvre and of psychoanalytic methodology suggests that Carver's writing served as the fulcrum and focus of a self-analytic experience. Within this model, his stories function as container and mirror of myriad aspects of the writer's self. Tracing the developmental arc of the contextual meanings of one motif--fire--through six stories and their ur-texts demonstrates gains comparable to certain analytic goals, including enhanced integration, accountability, and self-awareness. Over time, Carver's narratives of rage, impotence, and despair give way to a new story: of mourning, forgiveness, and the rekindling of hope. 相似文献
72.
James C. Beaty Christopher D. Nye Matthew J. Borneman Tracy M. Kantrowitz Fritz Drasgow Eyal Grauer 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2011,19(1):1-10
As the usage of unproctored Internet testing (UIT) increases in selection settings, concerns about the validity of such practices must be addressed. While recent examinations of the issue have focused primarily on the practicality, ethics, and potential legal ramifications of UIT, this paper provides an examination of the criterion‐related validity of unproctored assessments. Using a database of validity evidence, we examine the predictive validity of several noncognitive assessments (i.e., personality and biodata) with respect to a number of subjective and objective job performance metrics. Results generally indicate that assessments administered in proctored and unproctored settings have similar validities. Limitations of this research and implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Both mean reaction time (RT) and detection rate (DR) are important measures for assessing the amount of multisensory interaction
occurring in crossmodal experiments, but they are often applied separately. Here we demonstrate that measuring multisensory
performance using either RT or DR alone misses out on important information. We suggest an integration of RT and DR into a
single measure of multisensory performance: the first index (MRE*) is based on an arithmetic combination of RT and DR, the
second (MPE) is constructed from parameters derived from fitting a sequential sampling model to RT and DR data simultaneously.
Our approach is illustrated by data from two audio–visual experiments. In the first, a redundant targets detection experiment
using stimuli of different intensity, both measures yield similar pattern of results supporting the “principle of inverse
effectiveness”. The second experiment, introducing stimulus onset asynchrony and differing instructions (focused attention
vs. redundant targets task) further supports the usefulness of both indices. Statistical properties of both measures are investigated
via bootstrapping procedures. 相似文献
74.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of short-term memory and attention in time estimation. For this purpose we studied prospective time verbal estimation in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and compared their performance with that of 21 matched normal controls in two different conditions: during a digit span task and during an attentional task. Results showed that the performance of AD patients was significantly worse than that of the controls; the interaction between group and condition was significant. We suggest a role of attentional-executive functions in prospective time estimation. 相似文献
75.
Are spatial proximity (0.10-12.5 cm), temporal proximity (0-, 2-, and 5-s gaps), and/or perceived connectedness of stimulus and reward key to infants' ability to deduce an abstract nonmatching rule from reward feedback? In this investigation, 3 conditions of the delayed nonmatching to sample task were administered to infants 9, 12, and 15 months old, and 5 more conditions were administered just to 12-month-olds. Results showed that connectedness is key. In its presence, neither close spatial or temporal proximity was needed. In the absence of the perception that stimulus and reward were components of a single thing, even close spatial and temporal proximity were insufficient for infants in the 1st year to grasp the rule-based association between stimuli and rewards. 相似文献
76.
Diederich A 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2003,10(1):157-166
In this paper, decision making under time pressure for multiattribute choice alternatives in a risky environment is investigated. A model, multiattribute decision field theory (MDFT), is introduced that describes both the dynamic and the stochastic nature of decision making and accounts for the observed changes in choice probabilities, including preference reversals as a function of time limit. An experiment in which five different time limits were imposed on the decision maker is presented to test the predictions of the model. It is shown that MDFT is able to account for the complex decision behavior observed in the data. Furthermore, MDFT is compared with the predictions of decision field theory (Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993; Roe, Busemeyer, & Townsend, 2001). 相似文献
77.
Diederich A 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2003,10(1):167-176
Conflict and choice are closely related in that choice produces conflict and conflict is resolved by making a choice. Although
conflict was invoked in psychological approaches to decision making early on (Lewin, 1931/1964), no generally accepted measure
of conflict strength has been established (Tversky & Shafir, 1992). The present study introduces a model (multiattribute decision
field theory) that predicts a decision time pattern depending on the conflict situation. In a risky decision-making experiment
with multiattribute choice alternatives, decision time is investigated as a possible measure of conflict strength. It is shown
that the model can be fitted to a complex choice pattern. 相似文献
78.
Can thematic roles leave traces of their places? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An important question in the study of language production is the nature of the semantic information that speakers use to create syntactic structures. A common answer to this question assumes that thematic roles help to mediate the mapping from messages to syntax. However, research using structural priming has suggested that the construction of syntactic frames may be insensitive to variations in thematic roles within messages (Cognition 35 (1990) 1; Psychological Review 99 (1992) 150). Because these studies involved structural alternations whose syntax covaries with the order of thematic roles, it is difficult to assess any independent contribution that role information may make to the positioning of phrases. In this study, we primed the order of the roles without changing the syntactic structure of the sentences produced, and found that the order of the roles was influenced by the priming manipulation. This implies that thematic roles or the features that differentiate them are active within the mapping between messages and sentence structures. 相似文献
79.
80.
Saccadic reaction time (SRT) to visual targets tends to be shorter when nonvisual stimuli are presented in close temporal or spatial proximity, even when subjects are instructed to ignore the accessory input. Here, we investigate visual-tactile interaction effects on SRT under varying spatial configurations. SRT to bimodal stimuli was reduced by up to 30 msec, in comparison with responses to unimodal visual targets. In contrast to previous findings, the amount of multisensory facilitation did not decrease with increases in the physical distance between the target and the nontarget but depended on (1) whether the target and the nontarget were presented in the same hemifield (ipsilateral) or in different hemifields (contralateral), (2) the eccentricity of the stimuli, and (3) the frequency of the vibrotactile nontarget. The time-window-of-integration (TWIN) model for SRT (Colonius & Diederich, 2004) is shown to yield an explicit characterization of the observed multisensory spatial interaction effects through the removal of the peripheral-processing effects of stimulus location and tactile frequency. 相似文献