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281.
282.
Steven J. Muncer David Knight John W. Adams 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2014,43(3):241-254
There has been an increasing volume of evidence supporting the role of the syllable in word processing tasks. Recently it has also been shown that orthographic redundancy, related to the pattern of bigram frequencies, could not explain the syllable number effect on lexical decision times. This was demonstrated on a large sample of words taken from the British Lexicon Project. In this study we extend this research by examining both lexical decision and word naming times taken from the English Lexicon Project . There was a syllable number effect for both tasks in the expected direction, and this effect was independent of the presence of a bigram trough. The research also examined the role of other bigram related variables and the number of morphemes on lexical decision and word naming times. The number of morphemes had a significant effect on both word processing tasks, with words with more morphemes producing faster reaction times and also fewer errors. This pattern was reversed for nonword lexical decision times. The results are discussed in the light of recent developments in models of reading. 相似文献
283.
Fred Adams 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2010,9(4):619-628
Embodied cognition is sweeping the planet. On a non-embodied approach, the sensory system informs the cognitive system and
the motor system does the cognitive system’s bidding. There are causal relations between the systems but the sensory and motor
systems are not constitutive of cognition. For embodied views, the relation to the sensori-motor system to cognition is constitutive,
not just causal. This paper examines some recent empirical evidence used to support the view that cognition is embodied and
raises questions about some of the claims being made by supporters. 相似文献
284.
Jerry Adams William Rothstein Robert E. McCarter 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(2):156-164
To determine clinical correlates of 16 fear factors of the Wolpe-Lang Fear Survey Schedule, the fear factor and MMPI scores of 92 psychiatric inpatients were subjected to a canonical-correlation analysis. The results produced three combinations of scores which yielded statistically reliable canonical-correlation coefficients: three fear factors related to psychotic levels of personality disorganization; two related to fairly directly experienced neurotic anxiety; and five related to neurotic levels of anxiety “bound” by somatic complaints. The results suggest different treatment approaches for different patterns of expressed fears. The interpretation of several of the factors (previously related to clinical status) awaits further research. 相似文献
285.
Zachary W. Adams Richard Milich Mark T. Fillmore 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(7):971-983
This study compared inhibitory functioning among ADHD subtype groups on manual and visual versions of the stop task. Seventy-six
children, identified as ADHD/I (n = 17), ADHD/C (n = 43), and comparison (n = 20) completed both tasks. Results indicated that both ADHD groups were slower to inhibit responses than the comparison
group on both tasks. Comparison children were faster to inhibit than activate responses on both tasks. Children in the ADHD
groups also demonstrated this robust pattern on the manual task. However, on the visual task, the ADHD groups evidenced slowed
inhibition comparable to the time required to activate responding. This implies that the visual task is more sensitive than
the manual task to inhibitory deficits associated with ADHD. The ADHD/I and the ADHD/C groups did not differ on most measures,
suggesting that neither stop task is effective in differentiating the subtypes. These findings extend work highlighting the
role of disinhibition in ADHD, and contrast recent work suggesting divergence between ADHD subtypes. 相似文献
286.
Patty Ferssizidis Leah M. Adams Todd B. Kashdan Christine Plummer Anjali Mishra Joseph Ciarrochi 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(4):354-362
The primary aim of this study was to examine how motives and commitment to social values influence well-being in men and women
of different ages. College students and older adults in the community reported on their motivational orientation (intrinsic
vs. extrinsic), behavioral commitment to idiographic social values, and their current well-being (satisfaction with life,
positive and negative affect). We tested a series of path models with motivational orientation mediating the relationship
between commitment to values and well-being. Consistent with self-determination theory, we found that behavioral commitment
to intrinsically motivating social values was related to greater life satisfaction and positive affect, whereas being committed
to extrinsically motivating values was related to greater negative affect. While age and gender did not moderate these relationships,
meaningful age and gender differences emerged across value-based motivations, commitment, and indices of well-being. This
work adds to our understanding of how values are a guiding influence for successful navigation of one’s social world. 相似文献
287.
Jathan Sadowski Susan G. Spierre Evan Selinger Thomas P. Seager Elizabeth A. Adams Andrew Berardy 《Science and engineering ethics》2015,21(5):1197-1215
Fundamental problems of environmental sustainability, including climate change and fisheries management, require collective action on a scale that transcends the political and cultural boundaries of the nation-state. Rational, self-interested neoclassical economic theories of human behavior predict tragedy in the absence of third party enforcement of agreements and practical difficulties that prevent privatization. Evolutionary biology offers a theory of cooperation, but more often than not in a context of discrimination against other groups. That is, in-group boundaries are necessarily defined by those excluded as members of out-groups. However, in some settings human’s exhibit behavior that is inconsistent with both rational economic and group driven cooperation of evolutionary biological theory. This paper reports the results of a non-cooperative game-theoretic exercise that models a tragedy of the commons problem in which groups of players may advance their own positions only at the expense of other groups. Students enrolled from multiple universities and assigned to different multi-university identity groups participated in experiments that repeatedly resulted in cooperative outcomes despite intergroup conflicts and expressions of group identity. We offer three possible explanations: (1) students were cooperative because they were in an academic setting; (2) students may have viewed their instructors as the out-group; or (3) the emergence of a small number of influential, ethical leaders is sufficient to ensure cooperation amongst the larger groups. From our data and analysis, we draw out lessons that may help to inform approaches for institutional design and policy negotiations, particularly in climate change management. 相似文献
288.
The extended mind hypothesis (EMH) is the claim that the mind can and does extend beyond the human body. Adams and Aizawa (A&A) contend that arguments for EMH commit a ‘coupling constitution fallacy’. We deny that the master argument for EMH commits such a fallacy. But we think that there is an important question lurking behind A&A's allegation: under what conditions is cognition spread across a tightly coupled system? Building on some suggestions from Haugeland, we contend that the system must exhibit a distinctive sort of semantic activity, semantic activity that the system as a whole takes responsibility for. 相似文献
289.
Marcus P. Adams 《Philosophical Studies》2013,163(1):233-249
The theory of mind (ToM) deficit associated with autism has been a central topic in the debate about the modularity of the mind. Most involved in the debate about the explanation of the ToM deficit have failed to notice that autism’s status as a spectrum disorder has implications about which explanation is more plausible. In this paper, I argue that the shift from viewing autism as a unified syndrome to a spectrum disorder increases the plausibility of the explanation of the ToM deficit that appeals to a domain-specific, higher-level ToM module. First, I discuss what it means to consider autism as a spectrum rather than as a unified disorder. Second, I argue for the plausibility of the modular explanation on the basis that autism is better considered as a spectrum disorder. Third, I respond to a potential challenge to my account from Philip Gerrans and Valerie Stone’s recent work (Gerrans, Biol Philos 17:305–321, 2002; Stone and Gerrans, Trends Cogn Sci 10:3–4, 2006a; Soc Neurosci 1:309–319, 2006b; Gerrans and Stone, Br J Philos Sci 59:121–141, 2008). 相似文献
290.