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971.
Nilly Mor Leah D. Doane Emma K. Adam Susan Mineka Richard E. Zinbarg James W. Griffith 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):48-62
This study examined within-person co-occurrence of self-focus, negative affect, and stress in a community sample of adolescents with or without emotional disorders. As part of a larger study, 278 adolescents were interviewed about emotional disorders. Later, they completed diary measures over three days, six times a day, reporting their current thoughts, affect, and levels of stress. Negative affect was independently related to both concurrent stress and self-focus. Importantly, the association between negative affect and self-focus was stronger among participants with a recent unipolar mood disorder, compared to those with an anxiety disorder, comorbid anxiety and depression, or those without an emotional disorder. The implications of these findings to theories of self-focus and its role in emotional disorders are discussed. 相似文献
972.
The mnemonic benefit of rating words according to their relevance in a survival scenario is well documented (e.g., Nairne,
Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). The present study examined whether the survival processing effect would extend to face stimuli. We tested this hypothesis
in five experiments, using multiple survival and control scenarios, real and computer-generated face sets, within- and between-subjects
designs, and several memory tests, as well as free recall of survival-relevant and survival-neutral attribute statements written
about the person. Although the standard survival processing effect was obtained for survival-relevant and neutral attribute
statements, the survival processing effect was not obtained for face memory across all experiments. These results identify
an important boundary condition for survival processing benefits. 相似文献
973.
Nation M Bess K Voight A Perkins DD Juarez P 《American journal of community psychology》2011,48(1-2):89-96
Previous research indicates that communities can be engaged at various levels in research to reduce youth violence. In this paper, we argue that the method of power sharing among partners is a central factor distinguishing different levels of engagement. Using cases from the Nashville Urban Partnership Academic Center of Excellence, we identify community initiation and community collaboration as distinct approaches to community engaged violence prevention research. The power relationships among partners are analyzed to highlight differences in the types of engagement and to discuss implications for establishing and sustaining community partnerships. Also, the implications of levels of engagement for promoting the use of evidence-based practices are discussed. 相似文献
974.
Marci R. Culley Adam D. Carton Scott R. Weaver Emma Ogley-Oliver Jalika C. Street 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(3):215-233
Current energy debates are often framed in terms of the extent to which energy sources may mitigate global climate change
(GCC) and facilitate energy independence (EI). However, little is understood about whether and how attitudes towards GCC and
EI influence attitudes toward energy sources. Our study included 277 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology
classes at a large, Southeastern university. As hypothesized, results from ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses
revealed that the likelihood participants would support the use of solar, wind, coal or nuclear energy decreased as a function
of their belief that an energy source contributed to GCC. The belief that an energy source contributed to EI increased participants’
likelihood of support. Results suggest that beliefs about GCC and EI are important to determining support for energy sources
and will likely contribute to effective marketing strategies and efforts to implement more environmentally-sustainable behavior
and energy policy. 相似文献
975.
Theory-of-mind reasoning may require inhibitory processing, a view for which we provide new, more direct, evidence. Our research capitalizes on the lingering property of inhibition: After a response is inhibited, it temporarily becomes more difficult to select than uninhibited responses. In two experiments, 3-year-olds predicted to which of three buckets a girl would go, given a desire to avoid one (e.g., the red one). When next predicting where a boy would play, children were biased against the location the girl had avoided. However, predictions for the boy were unbiased when not preceded by predictions for the girl. These findings suggest that preschoolers predict behavior based on avoidance desires by inhibiting the target to be avoided, as well as that the inhibition lingers, reducing the target's accessibility for subsequent predictions. 相似文献
976.
Many decisions involve a degree of personal control over event outcomes, which is exerted through one's knowledge or skill. In three experiments we investigated differences in decision making between prospects based on a) the outcome of random events and b) the outcome of events characterized by control. In Experiment 1, participants estimated certainty equivalents (CEs) for bets based on either random events or the correctness of their answers to U.S. state population questions across the probability spectrum. In Experiment 2, participants estimated CEs for bets based on random events, answers to U.S. state population questions, or answers to questions about 2007 NCAA football game results. Experiment 3 extended the same procedure as Experiment 1 using a within-subjects design. We modeled data from all experiments in a prospect theory framework to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. Participants weighted the probabilities associated with bets characterized by control so as to reflect greater risk attractiveness relative to bets based on random events, as evidenced by more elevated weighting functions under conditions of control. This research elucidates possible cognitive mechanisms behind increased risk taking for decisions characterized by control, and implications for various literatures are discussed. 相似文献
977.
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a recently recognised syndrome of epilepsy in which the principle manifestation of seizures is recurrent episodes of isolated memory loss. In this article, we describe the clinical and cognitive profile of this emerging syndrome, and present new data that provide at most weak support for its proposed relationship to cerebrovascular disease. TEA is often associated with two unusual forms of interictal memory impairment: accelerated long-term forgetting and remote memory impairment. We discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of these relatively novel cognitive deficits. 相似文献
978.
Three experiments explored whether hierarchical role and body posture have independent or interactive effects on the main outcomes associated with power: action in behavior and abstraction in thought. Although past research has found that being in a powerful role and adopting an expansive body posture can each enhance a sense of power, two experiments showed that when individuals were placed in high- or low-power roles while adopting an expansive or constricted posture, only posture affected the implicit activation of power, the taking of action, and abstraction. However, even though role had a smaller effect on the downstream consequences of power, it had a stronger effect than posture on self-reported sense of power. A final experiment found that posture also had a larger effect on action than recalling an experience of high or low power. We discuss body postures as one of the most proximate correlates of the manifestations of power. 相似文献
979.
A widely held view in linguistics and psycholinguistics is that there are distinct levels of processing for context-independent and context-specific representations of sound structure. Recently, this view has been disputed, in part because of the absence of clear evidence that there are abstract mental representations of discrete sound-structure units. Here, we present novel evidence that separate context-independent and context-specific representations of sound structure are supported by distinct brain mechanisms that can be selectively impaired in individuals with acquired brain deficits. Acoustic data from /s/-deletion errors of 2 aphasic speakers suggest both a phonological level of processing at which sound representations (e.g., /p/) do not specify context-specific detail (e.g., aspirated or unaspirated) and a distinct level at which context-specific information is represented. These data help constrain accounts of sound-structure processing in word production and crucially support the claim that context-independent linguistic information affects language production. 相似文献
980.
Online contract labor portals (i.e., crowdsourcing) have recently emerged as attractive alternatives to university participant
pools for the purposes of collecting survey data for behavioral research. However, prior research has not provided a thorough
examination of crowdsourced data for organizational psychology research. We found that, as compared with a traditional university
participant pool, crowdsourcing respondents were older, were more ethnically diverse, and had more work experience. Additionally,
the reliability of the data from the crowdsourcing sample was as good as or better than the corresponding university sample.
Moreover, measurement invariance generally held across these groups. We conclude that the use of these labor portals is an
efficient and appropriate alternative to a university participant pool, despite small differences in personality and socially
desirable responding across the samples. The risks and advantages of crowdsourcing are outlined, and an overview of practical
and ethical guidelines is provided. 相似文献