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941.
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the use of self-talk during cricket batting performance through an innovative approach that allowed for within performance responses to be examined.Design and methodFive elite cricketers were interviewed alongside edited video footage of their batting innings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather in-depth information and explanations about the participants' use of self-talk during each critical incident.Results and conclusionsThe findings of this study highlighted the use of instructional and motivational self-talk as a fluctuating continual narrative that enhanced skill execution, self-efficacy and focus of attention, whilst reducing performance anxiety. In particular, the athletes described the effectiveness of self-determined self-talk on their performance. Specifically, they advocated self-talk that narrowed their attentional focus and redirected their thoughts to performance-related cues during periods of declining performance. 相似文献
942.
Adam Pryor 《Theology & Science》2013,11(2):162-164
AbstractOf all the research programs investigating radical life extension, cybernetic immortality is, by definition, the most ambitious. Several models fall within this category. While some include the possibility of “re-corporealizing” either as machine, biological entity, or hybrid, all models have several essentials in common. They require the ability to construct a non-biological (e.g., electronic) substrate that can model the functioning human brain, including the ability for consciousness (self-awareness) and a means for uploading into this artificial mind the contents of one's mortal life experiences. The individuals who have speculated most comprehensively on this include Ted Chu, Raymond Kurzweil, and Martine Rothblatt.1 相似文献
943.
944.
Adam Mark Bruton Stephen D. Mellalieu David Shearer Gareth Roderique-Davies Ross Hall 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):197-208
The predictive capabilities of different types of performance accomplishment information (PAI) towards self-efficacy for amateur golfers were compared as a function of skill level. Male golfers (N = 197; skilled n = 84, lesser skilled n = 113) recorded self-efficacy levels before and after competitive golf performance. Multiple regression analyses revealed that handicap was the most significant predictor of PAI towards pre-round self-efficacy for skilled golfers while practice satisfaction was the most significant predictor for lesser skilled. Handicap achievement was a significant predictor of post-round self-efficacy for both skilled and lesser skilled golfers. The findings imply athletes of varying skill level utilize different information when developing efficacy beliefs. Further study of the relationship between PAI and self-efficacy is therefore warranted in the sports domain. 相似文献
945.
Walter S. DeKeseredy James Nolan Amanda Hall-Sanchez Adam M. Messinger 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(9):1057-1068
Most studies of peer support for intimate partner violence (IPV) at U.S. institutions of higher learning focused solely on male assaults on heterosexual women. As well, the bulk of this work only examined how all-male social networks perpetuate and legitimate this behavior. Using recent data from a survey administered at a large U.S. residential university, the main objective of this paper is to help fill a research gap by presenting findings on (1) how having peers who have perpetrated dating abuse and (2) peers’ encouragement to be abusive to dates contributes to IPV victimization in a campus lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community. The results show that LGB students report a higher rate of such victimization than heterosexual students and the two aforementioned types of pro-abuse peer support significantly predict victimization among both sexual orientation groups. 相似文献
946.
In this paper we tested the automatic-effortful processing assumption of the Grouping Model. According to the Grouping Model, left-right cues are pull cues and inner-outer cues are push cues, evoking exogenous and endogenous control, respectively. In a series of four experiments we manipulated the characteristics of the cues: Onset vs. no-onset cues, spatial vs. symbolic cues, valid vs. invalid cues. The results consistently showed a dissociation between left-right and inner-outer cues. Together, the present findings provide converging evidence for the notion that left-right cues induce a fast, automatic selection of the cued responses, whereas inner-outer cues need slower, effortful processes to establish a selective preparatory set. 相似文献
947.
948.
Jason Hubbard Taylor Rigby Christine A. Godwin Adam Gazzaley Ezequiel Morsella 《Acta psychologica》2013,142(1):127-135
An act as simple as flicking a switch involves various stages of processing. Each stage is susceptible to interference from competing representations/processes. Interference at different stages of processing (e.g., perceptual stages versus response selection stages) leads to distinct behavioral, neural, and subjective effects. In the flanker task, for instance, one responds to a visual target and disregards flanking ‘distractors.’ Theoretically-predicted interference (increased response times, error rates, and subjective ‘urges to err’) is stronger when distractors and targets are associated with different actions (response interference) than when they look different but are associated with the same action (perceptual interference). Extant versions of the task tax working memory (WM) minimally, but many everyday actions (e.g., searching for keys or holding one's breath) require more WM-based control. To illuminate this uncharted area, we examined the nature of interference in delayed action tasks, which rely on WM. We found that systematic interference arises even when action-related representations are, not triggered solely by external stimuli, but actively held in WM. We discuss these findings with increased emphasis on the under-explored subjective effects of different kinds of interference. The implications of these findings for the study of action production, WM, and conscious processing are entertained. 相似文献
949.
950.
In this study, associations were examined between cortisol levels of wives and husbands in 47 heterosexual married couples. Both partners' salivary cortisol levels were measured at the same moments seven times a day on 2 typical weekdays. After accounting for the effects of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol and relevant control variables, dyadic hierarchical linear modeling indicated significant positive linkages between partners' cortisol levels, consistent with the hypothesized within‐couple physiological synchrony. Variables reflecting more (spousal presence) or less connectedness (loneliness, being alone) were also collected at the time of each cortisol sample. Results indicated that husbands' cortisol levels were higher at moments they reported feeling lonelier and lower at moments they were in the presence of their spouse. Wives' cortisol levels were higher at moments they were alone. In addition, wife–husband cortisol synchrony was stronger for husbands who spent relatively more time with their spouse across the study period—even after accounting for time spent with others in general. These findings suggest that marital partners evidence positive within‐couple cortisol associations, and that connectedness (particularly physical closeness) may underpin spouses' physiological synchrony. 相似文献