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181.
Jos Bartels Ad Pruyn Menno de Jong 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(1):113-128
Earlier studies have shown that perceived external prestige (PEP) and communication climate influence employees' overall organizational identification. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study into the determinants of organizational identification at two organizational levels during an internal merger. Data were collected in a university where four divisions merged into two new divisions. Respondents filled out a questionnaire on organizational identification, PEP and communication climate 4 months before the merger (T1) and 2 years after the merger (T2). Results indicate that pre‐merger identification primarily influences post‐merger identification at the same organizational level. Furthermore, the determinants of employees' overall organizational identification differ from the determinants of employees' division identification. Internal communication climate is particularly important for employees' identification with their division. PEP affects employees' identification with the overall organization. Management implications are discussed for monitoring employee identification both in times of (internal) mergers and in general. 相似文献
182.
Martijn A. de Lange Ad van Knippenberg 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,(6):1192-1199
In the current study, we hypothesize that post-error performance is influenced by individual differences in action orientation and situationally induced regulatory focus. Two experiments employing a time-pressured flanker-like task, measured participants’ dispositional action orientation and manipulated regulatory focus. As expected, accuracy of the responses following errors was reduced for all participants except for action-oriented participants in a promotion focus. The latter participants are assumed to down-regulate error-related negative affect, thereby saving resources for subsequent performance. A promotion focus is assumed to facilitate the optimal use of these resources. 相似文献
183.
184.
Ad Bergsma 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(3):445-448
One of the aims of this special issue on happiness advice was to assess the reality value of recommendations. All papers checked
empirical indications for effectiveness, typically by inspecting whether the things advised have been found to be related
to happiness in empirical research. Some limitations of this approach are that some advisers used a different definition of
happiness than the papers, the papers checked the advice for present day readers, not for the contemporaries of advisers,
the data that is used to check the advice is most often correlative in nature, and the papers ignored personality differences.
Future research should focus on a wider range of happiness advisers, look at the interaction of the advice and individual
readers and address the question of the usefulness of the advice experimentally. 相似文献
185.
Ad Bergsma 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(3):341-360
Advice for a happier life is found in so-called ‘self-help books’, which are widely sold in modern countries these days. These
books popularize insights from psychological science and draw in particular on the newly developing ‘positive psychology’.
An analysis of 57 best-selling psychology books in the Netherlands makes clear that the primary aim is not to alleviate the
symptoms of psychological disorders, but to enhance personal strengths and functioning. Common themes are: personal growth,
personal relations, coping with stress and identity. There is a lot of skepticism about these self-help books. Some claim
that they provide false hope or even do harm. Yet there are also reasons to expect positive effects from reading such books.
One reason is that the messages fit fairly well with observed conditions for happiness and another reason is that such books
may encourage active coping. There is also evidence for the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in the treatment of psychological
disorders. The positive and negative consequences of self-help are a neglected subject in academic psychology. This is regrettable,
because self-help books may be the most important—although not the most reliable—channel through which psychological insights
find their way to the general audience. 相似文献
186.
The authors investigated how people believe they respond to crying individuals. Participants (N = 530) read 6 vignettes describing situations in which they encountered a person who either cried or did not cry. Participants reported they would give more emotional support to and express less negative affect toward a crying person than a noncrying person. However, regression analyses revealed that participants judged a crying person less positively than a noncrying person and felt more negative feelings in the presence of a crying person than a noncrying person. The valence of the situation strongly moderated these reactions. Overall, results support the theory that crying is an attachment behavior designed to elicit help from others. 相似文献
187.
In two experiments we show that (a) distracting stimuli are inhibited after intention formation, (b) this inhibition is episodic rather than semantic in nature, and (c) inhibition of distracting stimuli is terminated once intentions are completed. In both experiments participants were asked to form an intention to press the space bar in response to six cues (i.e. intention cues). After intention formation we measured accessibility of intention cues, of words that are semantically related to the intention cues (i.e. related cues) and of semantically unrelated words (i.e. control cues). In Experiment 1, we obtained slower responses towards related cues compared with both intention cues and control cues in a recognition task, but not in a lexical decision task. In Experiment 2, we showed that inhibition of related cues is terminated after intention completion. Together these results are consistent with theorizing that inhibition of distracting (i.e. related) stimuli is functional for completing previously formed intentions, and give insight in the nature of inhibitory processes during goal pursuit. 相似文献
188.
Theorists have staked out two ostensibly opposing views of human crying as either an arousing behavior that signals distress or a soothing behavior that reduces arousal after distress. The present study examined whether these views of crying might be reconciled by attending to physiological changes that unfold over crying episodes. Sixty female students watched neutral and cry-eliciting films while autonomic physiology, including respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre-ejection period, was assessed. Crying participants exhibited heart rate increases that rapidly subsided after crying onset. Crying onset was also associated with increases in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and slowed breathing. All crying effects subsided by 4 minutes after onset. It is possible that crying is both an arousing distress signal and a means to restore psychological and physiological balance, depending on how and when this complex behavior is interrogated. 相似文献
189.
Crane C Williams JM Hawton K Arensman E Hjelmeland H Bille-Brahe U Corcoran P De Leo D Fekete S Grad O Haring C Kerkhof AJ Lonnqvist J Michel K Salander Renberg E Schmidtke A van Heeringen C Wasserman D 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(4):367-378
The associations between life events in the 12 months preceding an episode of self-poisoning resulting in hospital attendance (the index episode), and the suicide intent of this episode were compared in individuals for whom the index episode was their first, episode and in individuals in whom it was a recurrence of DSH. Results indicated a significant interaction between independent life events, repetition status, and gender in the prediction of suicide intent, the association between life events and intent being moderated by repetition status in women only. The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest the presence of a suicidal process in women, in which the impact of negative life events on suicide intent diminishes across episodes. 相似文献
190.
Wolters LH de Haan E Vervoort L Hogendoorn SM Boer F Prins PJ 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2012,25(3):259-273
Although selective attention to threatening information is an adaptive mechanism, exaggerated attention to threat may be related to anxiety disorders. However, studies examining threat processing in children have obtained mixed findings. In the present study, the time-course of attentional bias for threat and behavioral interference was analyzed in a community sample of 8-18-year-old children (N=33) using a pictorial dot probe task. Threatening and neutral stimuli were shown during 17 ms (masked), 500 ms, and 1250 ms. Results provide preliminary evidence of an automatic attentional bias for threat at 17 ms that persists during later, more controlled stages of information processing (500 and 1250 ms). Furthermore, participants showed a delayed response to threat-containing trials relative to neutral trials in the 500 and 1250 ms condition, which may indicate interference by threat. Together, these results suggest that an attentional bias for threat precedes behavioral interference in children. Furthermore, results indicate that performance in daily life can be temporarily interrupted by the processing of threatening information. In addition, results of earlier studies into selective attention in children using tasks based on behavioral responses may have been confounded by interference effects of threat. For future studies, we recommend to take behavioral interference into account. 相似文献