全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8443篇 |
免费 | 423篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
8871篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 98篇 |
2022年 | 113篇 |
2021年 | 154篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 243篇 |
2018年 | 381篇 |
2017年 | 374篇 |
2016年 | 363篇 |
2015年 | 256篇 |
2014年 | 266篇 |
2013年 | 1078篇 |
2012年 | 591篇 |
2011年 | 587篇 |
2010年 | 355篇 |
2009年 | 262篇 |
2008年 | 456篇 |
2007年 | 385篇 |
2006年 | 316篇 |
2005年 | 343篇 |
2004年 | 248篇 |
2003年 | 238篇 |
2002年 | 207篇 |
2001年 | 114篇 |
2000年 | 133篇 |
1999年 | 85篇 |
1998年 | 55篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 47篇 |
1990年 | 59篇 |
1989年 | 41篇 |
1988年 | 53篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 39篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 28篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1974年 | 19篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 16篇 |
1968年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有8871条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
981.
Michael R. Basso Bruce K. Schefft Kerry de S. Hamsher 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2):175-186
Relatively little research has examined the effect of aging upon remote memory, especially among individuals who have entered their 10th decade of life. The present study examined whether remote memory deteriorates in a group of 132 neurologically normal men and women ranging in age from 50 to 97. Remote memory was measured with a modification of the Presidents Test. The data revealed that higher levels of education corresponded with better remote memory. Additionally, age-related differences in memory occurred only in men, with those aged 90 years and older showing significantly worse remote memory than other age groups. Potential explanations and implications of these data are delineated. 相似文献
982.
Martin Lövdén Paolo Ghisletta Ulman Lindenberger 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(2-3):104-133
This paper summarizes and expands research on cognitive aging from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), a longitudinal, multidisciplinary, and population-based investigation of old and very old individuals. First, we describe previously reported research on five key themes: (a) experimental and mortality-associated components of longitudinal selectivity; (b) comparisons between cross-sectional and cross-sectional/longitudinal convergence age gradients; (c) old-age dedifferentiation of inter-individual differences; (d) possible reasons for the age-based increase in the link between intellectual and sensory domains; and (e) limits to cognitive plasticity in very old age. Second, we make use of multilevel modeling to determine the magnitude and direction of retest effects. Retest effects are classified as either flat (step function from the first to the second measurement occasion) or growing (linear increase after the first measurement occasion). Five of the eight longitudinally administered cognitive tests are found to display significant retest effects of either or both types. Retest adjustment increased the linear negative and decreased the quadratic negative component of cross-sectional/longitudinal convergence gradients in measures of intellectual abilities. 相似文献
983.
Irene van de Vijver K. Richard Ridderinkhof Sanne de Wit 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(5):595-619
Feedback-based learning declines with age. Because older adults are generally biased toward positive information (“positivity effect”), learning from positive feedback may be less impaired than learning from negative outcomes. The literature documents mixed results, due possibly to variability between studies in task design. In the current series of studies, we investigated the influence of feedback valence on reinforcement learning in young and older adults. We used nonprobabilistic learning tasks, to more systematically study the effects of feedback magnitude, learning of stimulus–response (S–R) versus stimulus–outcome (S–O) associations, and working-memory capacity. In most experiments, older adults benefitted more from positive than negative feedback, but only with large feedback magnitudes. Positivity effects were pronounced for S–O learning, whereas S–R learning correlated with working-memory capacity in both age groups. These results underline the context dependence of positivity effects in learning and suggest that older adults focus on high gains when these are informative for behavior. 相似文献
984.
Cindy M. de Frias Lars-Göran Nilsson Agneta Herlitz 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(3-4):574-587
ABSTRACT Sex differences in declarative memory and visuospatial ability are robust in cross-sectional studies. The present longitudinal study examined whether sex differences in cognition were present over a 10-year period, and whether age modified the magnitude of sex differences. Tests assessing episodic and semantic memory, and visuospatial ability were administered to 625 nondemented adults (initially aged 35–80 years), participating in the population-based Betula study at two follow-up occasions. There was stability of sex differences across five age groups and over a 10-year period. Women performed at a higher level than men on episodic recall, face and verbal recognition, and semantic fluency, whereas men performed better than women on a task-assessing, visuospatial ability. Sex differences in cognitive functions are stable over a 10-year period and from 35 to 90 years of age. 相似文献
985.
Gitit Kavé Nira Mashal 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(4):515-529
ABSTRACT This study examines age-associated changes in retrieval on a picture-naming task, phonemic and semantic fluency tasks, and the Homophone Meaning Generation Test (HMGT). The sample included 152 Hebrew-speaking adults, half young (mean age 22.75) and half old (mean age 76.05). Groups differed on the picture-naming task and on both verbal fluency tasks, but not on the HMGT. Age explained a greater share of the variance than did education level on these three tests, whereas the opposite pattern of results was seen on the HMGT. We suggest that age-related word finding difficulties are attenuated when performance allows for semantic rather than phonological access. 相似文献
986.
Nira Mashal Ronit Gavrieli Gitit Kavé 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(5):527-543
ABSTRACT In the present study we tested the possibility that older adults differ from younger adults in their appreciation of metaphoric semantic relations, and that age-related changes occur due to the perception of novel metaphors. In the first experiment 35 younger (mean age?=?23.1) and 35 older adults (mean age?=?75.3) were asked to rate the plausibility of metaphoric, literal, and unrelated word pairs. Relative to young participants, older participants rated fewer expressions as metaphorically plausible. The second experiment was conducted to examine whether the findings of the first experiment could be accounted for by an age-associated difference in the appreciation of metaphors with different levels of familiarity. In the second experiment, 25 younger (mean age?=?24.4) and 25 older adults (mean age?=?77.5) were asked to rate the familiarity level of the plausible metaphoric expressions. Relative to young participants, older participants rated fewer expressions as novel and more expressions as familiar. The results suggest that novelty plays an important role in appreciating the plausibility of semantic relationships, and age-related changes are associated with the appreciation of the novelty of expressions. 相似文献
987.
Salvador Algarabel Manuel Fuentes Joaquín Escudero Alfonso Pitarque Vicente Peset José-Francisco Mazón 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(5):608-619
ABSTRACT There is no agreement on the pattern of recognition memory deficits characteristic of patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Whereas lower performance in recollection is the hallmark of MCI, there is a strong controversy about possible deficits in familiarity estimates when using recognition memory tasks. The aim of this research is to shed light on the pattern of responding in recollection and familiarity in MCI. Five groups of participants were tested. The main participant samples were those formed by two MCI groups differing in age and an Alzheimer's disease group (AD), which were compared with two control groups. Whereas one of the control groups served to assess the performance of the MCI and AD people, the other one, composed of young healthy participants, served the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of the experimental tasks used in the evaluation of the different components of recognition memory. We used an associative recognition task as a direct index of recollection and a choice task on a pair of stimuli, one of which was perceptually similar to those studied in the associative recognition phase, as an index of familiarity. Our results indicate that recollection decreases with age and neurological status, and familiarity remains stable in the elderly control sample but it is deficient in MCI. This research shows that a unique encoding situation generated deficits in recollective and familiarity mechanisms in mild cognitive impaired individuals, providing evidence for the existence of deficits in both retrieval processes in recognition memory in a MCI stage. 相似文献
988.
Wim de Muijnck 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2013,14(4):1291-1307
Meaning in life is an important aspect of human well-being and motivation. But as the notion of ‘meaning in life’ is not easily assimilated to that of semantic meaning, it is difficult to define. While meaning in life is standardly discussed in terms of meaningful ways of living, I here take the alternative approach of discussing the meaningfulness of things for agents. I claim that such meaningfulness, or significance, consists in the ways in which things invite agent-relevant responses. Meaningfulness in that sense is important for understanding, not just meaning in life for mature human beings, but also meaning for children, meaning in the arts, the continuity between ‘mere’ living and living meaningfully, and the connection between meaning in life and semantic meaning. 相似文献
989.
Valérie Toussaint Murielle Laberge Martin Lauzier 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2013,19(1):5-22
Conducted within the Canadian Forces (N=652), this study explores the role of self-determined motivation and affective commitment in relation to personnel retention within the military. Three groupings of variables are used in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying personnel retention: a) distal antecedents (i.e. leadership styles), b) proximal antecedents (i.e. group cohesion and work climate) and c) mediators (i.e. self-determined motivation and affective commitment). Illustrated through a structural model, results demonstrate the existence of a partial mediator effect from affective commitment in the relationship between self-determined motivation and intention to stay. These findings are discussed in regards of their implications from theoretical and practical perspectives. 相似文献
990.
Jérôme Melançon 《Continental Philosophy Review》2013,46(4):577-602
This article attempts to bring together the life, situation, and philosophical work of the Czech phenomenologist Jan Pato?ka in order to present his conception of philosophy and sacrifice and to understand his action of dissent and his own sacrifice as spokesman for Charter 77 in light of these concepts. Pato?ka philosophized despite being barred from teaching under the German occupation and under the communist regime, even after he was forced to retire and banned from publication. He also refused the official philosophical categories of communism and, what is more, criticized the very manner in which its ideology allowed it to function. Against the destruction of moral and political life by communist and liberal regimes alike, he outlined the necessity of a “life in the idea” that would be responsive to the notion of sacrifice. Such a position of distance from the things of the world which remains anchored among them is meant to respond to dissatisfaction with the world as it is found and is the very movement of human freedom. Taken together, these three aspects of his philosophical practice made him a dissident, a role he took on more completely when, as part of the Charter 77 movement, he publicly opposed the state, in a course of action that led to his death. 相似文献