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71.
The aim of this study was to identify resilience qualities in families in the wake of heart-related trauma of one of their
members. The theoretical framework of this study was the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, which
represents a paradigmatic shift from a pathological to a strength-based view of a family. Self-report questionnaires and an
open-ended question were used to collect data from 22 family members who experienced the heart-related trauma. The results
indicate that family time and routines, parent–child togetherness, family chores and affirming communication are key qualities
for mediating family adaptation, while inflammatory communication was found to be negatively associated with family adaptation.
Other relevant qualities were social support, family hardiness and a coping style where problem situations are reformulated.
The identification of these qualities can serve as the focus for intervention and prevention, enhancing the quality of life
for families with a cardiovascular patient. 相似文献
72.
Paul Florin Marc Mednick Abraham Wandersman 《Journal of applied social psychology》1986,16(9):808-830
This study explored the potential of a person × situation approach to identifying the characteristics of leaders in a voluntary community organization. A set of variables based on Mischel's “cognitive social learning variables” was operationalized to provide variables which assess the characteristics of individuals in relation to the specific context in which some emerge as leaders. This set of variables was compared with a larger set of traditional demographic and personality variables. Analyses indicated the approximate statistical comparability of the two sets. Advantages of the cognitive social learning approach for understanding and intervening in leader emergence and development in voluntary community organizations are discussed. 相似文献
73.
I L Abraham 《Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs》1986,112(1):41-102
This review posits that clinical inference be studied as an instance of human inference. Normative rules for clinical inference may be derived from those for human inference in general, but clinicians choose not to adhere to them, relying instead on possibly biasing and suboptimal methods. A seven-phase model of clinical inference, with each phase containing particular tasks, is presented. Performance on these tasks depends on the effect of cognitive and environmental influences and the application of cognitive strategies, with erroneous performance leading to impaired clinical inference. 相似文献
74.
The present study focuses on work—family role conflict among Jewish women employed in a female-typed occupation (secondary school teachers) and a male-typed occupation (university professors). The major hypotheses of the study are that women who work in different occupation types employ different strategies to reduce role conflict and that family roles contribute more to role conflict than work roles. The findings support the hypotheses and show that women in a male-typed occupation spend less time on family and domestic roles, and increase their hours of work. Consequently, their burden at home decreases while their burden at work increases. Because the burden at home contributes more to role conflict than the burden at work, women in male-typed occupations report less role conflict than women in a typically female occupation.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics Conference, Paris, 1994. We wish to acknowledge our gratitude to Dafna Izraeli for her insightful critique. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This research was funded jointly by Schein Institute and The Eshkol Foundation. 相似文献
75.
Robin Panneton Cooper Jane Abraham Sheryl Berman Margaret Staska 《Infant behavior & development》1997,20(4):392
Generally, infants prefer infant-directed (ID) to adult-directed (AD) speech. Mostly, researchers have used unfamiliar female voices in these studies. We investigated preferences for maternal ID speech in 1- and 4-month-olds. Using a procedure in which infants controlled access to voices by fixating a visual display, infants listened to recordings of natural female ID and AD speech. In Experiment 1, 1-month-olds heard recordings of maternal ID and AD speech, but these infants showed no preference for maternal ID speech. In Experiment 2, 1-month-olds heard the same ID and AD speech tapes but were not familiar with the speakers. Contrary to Experiment 1, these infants preferred ID speech. In Experiment 3, 4-month-olds heard recordings of maternal ID and AD speech and showed a significant preference for ID speech. Collectively, these results suggest that infant attention to ID speech depends on both speaker-general and speaker-specific characteristics, with interesting developmental changes occuring during early infancy. 相似文献
76.
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78.
Thomas Nicholas George Wolfe S. Stefan Soltysik Jose L. Garcia W. Jeffrey Wilson Pathrapankal Abraham 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1983,18(3):144-153
Heart rate and motor responses were recorded in cats of different ages during classical conditioning. A deceleratory-acceleratory heart rate pattern observed during the CS-US interval in one and four-week-old kittens is an alpha conditioned response, a potentiated original response to the CS. At eight weeks of age two new distinct patterns of pure acceleration or pure deceleration are acquired during conditioning and in the absence of motor learning. At 12 weeks of age and in adult subjects, heart rate patterns during the CS-US interval become more complex and conditioned motor responses can be observed. A covariance of HR acceleration and motor responses during the CS-US interval is absent in eight-week-old subjects, but quite high in 12-week-old subjects and adult cats. The data are interpreted as suggesting separate elicitatory mechanisms of HR and motor responses which may show synchrony later in ontogeny. 相似文献
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