全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10946篇 |
免费 | 518篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
11467篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 139篇 |
2019年 | 149篇 |
2018年 | 257篇 |
2017年 | 231篇 |
2016年 | 239篇 |
2015年 | 174篇 |
2014年 | 198篇 |
2013年 | 808篇 |
2012年 | 333篇 |
2011年 | 367篇 |
2010年 | 225篇 |
2009年 | 185篇 |
2008年 | 292篇 |
2007年 | 277篇 |
2006年 | 259篇 |
2005年 | 212篇 |
2004年 | 203篇 |
2003年 | 181篇 |
2002年 | 193篇 |
2001年 | 413篇 |
2000年 | 387篇 |
1999年 | 267篇 |
1998年 | 106篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 92篇 |
1992年 | 208篇 |
1991年 | 215篇 |
1990年 | 202篇 |
1989年 | 201篇 |
1988年 | 205篇 |
1987年 | 183篇 |
1986年 | 172篇 |
1985年 | 172篇 |
1984年 | 158篇 |
1983年 | 114篇 |
1982年 | 115篇 |
1979年 | 149篇 |
1978年 | 94篇 |
1977年 | 96篇 |
1976年 | 91篇 |
1975年 | 138篇 |
1974年 | 158篇 |
1973年 | 181篇 |
1972年 | 155篇 |
1971年 | 142篇 |
1970年 | 125篇 |
1969年 | 133篇 |
1968年 | 176篇 |
1967年 | 132篇 |
1966年 | 141篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
811.
Results from studies on incremental validity are described for (a) interviews, (b) personality inventories, (c) projective techniques, and (d) brief self-rated and clinician-rated measures. In some of the studies (clinical judgment studies), psychologists were given increasing amounts of information. In other studies (statistical prediction studies), increasing amounts of assessment information were entered into a statistical prediction rule. Although relatively little research has been conducted on incremental validity, results that have been obtained tend to favor the use of interviews, personality inventories (e.g., the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2; J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R., Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 1989), and brief self-rated measures (e.g., the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, S. Reiss, R. A. Peterson, D. M. Gursky, & R. M. McNally, 1986). Results are generally less encouraging for projective techniques. 相似文献
812.
Do readers encode the perceptual perspectives of characters during narrative comprehension? To address this question, we conducted two experiments using stories that sometimes described situations in which certain information was occluded from the protagonists’ views. We generated two related hypotheses concerning the potential impact of occlusion events on text representations. One, theevent boundary hypothesis, suggested that any salient narrative event would reduce the accessibility of prior story information. The second, theperceptual availability hypothesis, suggested that accessibility would decrease most for information no longer visible to story protagonists. In Experiment 1, the participants were slowest to respond to verification questions that asked about occluded information. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that this effect did not extend to other, nonoccluded information. These results suggest that readers encode text information from the perceptual perspective of story protagonists. This is consistent with recent perceptual symbol views of language comprehension. 相似文献
813.
Recent research with cotton-top tamarin monkeys has revealed language discrimination abilities similar to those found in human
infants, demonstrating that these perceptual abilities are not unique to humans but are also present in non-human primates.
Specifically, tamarins could discriminate forward but not backward sentences of Dutch from Japanese, using both natural and
synthesized utterances. The present study was designed as a conceptual replication of the work on tamarins. Results show that
rats trained in a discrimination learning task readily discriminate forward, but not backward sentences of Dutch from Japanese;
the results are particularly robust for synthetic utterances, a pattern that shows greater parallels with newborns than with
tamarins. Our results extend the claims made in the research with tamarins that the capacity to discriminate languages from
different rhythmic classes depends on general perceptual abilities that evolved at least as far back as the rodents.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
814.
Miller PN Lawrence RJ Powell RC 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2003,57(2):111-116
In the current cultural context, clinically trained ministers, lay and ordained, offer themselves to troubled souls through at least three distinct varieties of assistance: pastoral care, pastoral counseling, and pastoral psychotherapy. This essay delineates three accepted disciplines, emphasizing the importance of ascertaining, and perhaps re-evaluating, the particular needs and desires of persons who are in physical, mental, or spiritual distress. "Pastoral care," "pastoral counseling," and "pastoral psychotherapy" each play an important role in fulfilling the traditional mandate for "the cure of souls." 相似文献
815.
Merijn?van?TilborgEmail author Jan?N.?C.?van der?Pers Peter?Roessingh Maurice?W.?Sabelis 《Behavior research methods》2003,35(3):478-482
A novel type of locomotion compensator was designed and tested for its use in orientation behavior experiments with a predatory mite. In this apparatus, displacements of the test animal in the two-dimensional plane are recorded using video equipment and a servosphere that keeps the animal in focus. Thex andy displacements are registeredusing two rotation encoders and are compensated using a pair of servo-motors, in such a way that the animal is always positioned on top of the sphere, yet moves freely. Well-fed and starved predators were tested for their responses to (1) still air, (2) a stimulus-free air flow, (3) an air flow with odors from uninfested Lima bean leaves, and (4) an air flow with odors from Lima bean leaves infested by plant-feeding mites, the prey of the predatory mites. Anemotactic responses of adultPhytoseivlus persimilis females were feeding state dependent. Well-fed predators moved downwind under Treatments 1–3 but moved neither up-nor downwind in the presence of odors from infested plants (Treatment 4). Starved predators moved upwind under all treatments. These results are in agreement with those of earlier studies in a wind tunnel, and therefore, the new type of locomotion compensator (LC-100) offers an excellent method for studying the orientation behavior of micro-arthropods. 相似文献
816.
The present study investigated nighttime fears in normal school children aged 4 to 12 yr (N=176). Children and their parents were interviewed about the frequency, content, origins, coping behaviors and severity of children's nighttime fears. Results showed that 73.3% of the children reported nighttime fears, indicating that these fears are quite prevalent. Inspection of the developmental course of nighttime fears revealed that these fears are common among 4- to 6-year-olds, become even more frequent in 7- to 9-year-olds and then remain relatively stable in 10- to 12-year-olds. Inspection of the origins of nighttime fears revealed that most of the children (i.e., almost 80%) attributed their fear to negative information; conditioning and modeling were endorsed less frequently (25.6% and 13.2%, respectively). A substantial percentage of the children (24.0%) indicated that learning experiences had not played a role in the acquisition of their nighttime fears. Children reported a variety of coping strategies in order to deal with their nighttime fears and generally rated these strategies as helpful in reducing anxiety. Furthermore, children's nighttime fears were associated with moderate levels of anxiety. Moreover, in about 10% of the children, nighttime fears were related to one or more DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. Finally, parental reports of children's nighttime fears substantially deviated from children's reports. Most importantly, parents provided a marked underestimation of the frequency of nighttime fears, at least as reported by their children. 相似文献
817.
Changes in executive control across the life span: examination of task-switching performance 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A study was conducted to examine changes in executive control processes over the life span. More specifically, changes in processes responsible for preparation and interference control that underlie the ability to flexibly alternate between two different tasks were examined. Individuals (N = 152) ranging in age from 7 to 82 years participated in the study. A U-shaped function was obtained for switch costs (i.e., the time required to switch between tasks compared with a repeated-task baseline), with larger costs found for young children and older adults. Switch costs were reduced with practice, particularly for children. All age groups benefited from increased preparation time, with larger benefits observed for children and older adults. Adults benefited to a greater extent than children when the interval between the response to one task and the cue indicating which task to perform next was lengthened, which suggested faster decay of interference from the old task set for adults than for children. A series of hierarchical analyses indicated that the age-related variance in task-switching performance is independent, at least in part, from the age-related variance in other cognitive processes such as perceptual speed and working memory. The results are discussed in terms of the development and decline of executive control processes across the life span. 相似文献
818.
Dzhafarov EN 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2001,45(3):421-451
What is the meaning of saying that random variables {X(1), em leader, X(n)} (such as aptitude scores or hypothetical response time components), not necessarily stochastically independent, are selectively influenced respectively by subsets {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)} of a factor set Phi upon which the joint distribution of {X(1), em leader, X(n)} is known to depend? One possible meaning of this statement, termed conditionally selective influence, is completely characterized in Dzhafarov (1999, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 43, 123-157). The present paper focuses on another meaning, termed unconditionally selective influence. It occurs when two requirements are met. First, for i=1, em leader, n, the factor subset Gamma(i) is the set of all factors that effectively change the marginal distribution of X(i). Second, if {X(1), em leader, X(n)} are transformed so that all marginal distributions become the same (e.g., standard uniform or standard normal), the transformed variables are representable as well-behaved functions of the corresponding factor subsets {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)} and of some common set of sources of randomness whose distribution does not depend on any factors. Under the constraint that the factor subsets {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)} are disjoint, this paper establishes the necessary and sufficient structure of the joint distribution of {X(1), em leader, X(n)} under which they are unconditionally selectively influenced by {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)}. The unconditionally selective influence has two desirable properties, uniqueness and nestedness: {X(1), em leader, X(n)} cannot be influenced selectively by more than one partition {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)} of the factor set Phi, and the components of any subvector of {X(1), em leader, X(n)} are selectively influenced by the components of the corresponding subpartition of {Gamma(1), em leader, Gamma(n)}. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
819.
Toddlers' use of metric information and landmarks to reorient 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Learmonth AE Newcombe NS Huttenlocher J 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2001,80(3):225-244
Mobile organisms can keep track of spatial location (both their own location and that of objects in the environment) using either an external referent system or one centered on the self and updated by information about movement through space. When the latter system is disabled (e.g., by rapid turning), aspects of the external world must be used to reestablish orientation. Recently, it has been claimed that, both for rats and for human toddlers, reorientation is achieved using a geometric module that accepts only information about the metric properties of the environment (C. R. Gallistel, 1990; L. Hermer & E. S. Spelke, 1994, 1996). In a series of experiments, this paper confirms that geometric information is used for reorientation by young children, but gives reason to doubt that the use of this information is achieved using a module impenetrable to nongeometric information. 相似文献
820.
Young children experience difficulties establishing conceptual representations of color compared with everyday objects. We argue that comparing the development of color cognition to that of familiar objects is inappropriate since color is a perceptual attribute that can be abstracted from an object and by itself lacks functional significance. Instead, we compared the recognition, perceptual saliency, and naming of color to that of three other perceptual object attributes (motion, form, and size) in 47 children aged 2 to 5 years as a function of language age. Results revealed that, although color was perceptually salient relative to the other visual attributes, no selective impairment to color cognition (recognition and naming) was found relative to the three other visual attributes tested. Thus, when the appropriate comparisons are made, we find no special delay in the development of color conceptualization. Furthermore, the striking disparity between perceptual saliency and cognition of color in our youngest age groups suggests that perceptual saliency has little influence on the conceptual development of color. 相似文献