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51.
Virginia W. Berninger Robert D. Abbott William Nagy Joanne Carlisle 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2010,39(2):141-163
Growth curve analyses showed that (a) word-level phonological and orthographic awareness show greatest growth during the primary
grades but some additional growth thereafter, and (b) three kinds of morphological awareness show greatest growth in the first
three or four grades but one—derivation—continues to show substantial growth after fourth grade. Implications of the findings
for the role of three kinds of linguistic awareness—phonological, orthographic, and morphological—in learning to read and
spell words are discussed. A case is made that phonological awareness, while necessary, is not sufficient for learning to
read English—all three kinds of linguistic awareness that are growing during the primary grades need to be coordinated and
applied to literacy learning. This finding and a review of the research on linguistic awareness support the conclusion that
the recommendations of the National Reading Panel need to be amended so that the research evidence supporting the importance
of both orthographic and morphological awareness, and not only phonological awareness, is acknowledged. Moreover, evidence-based
strategies for teaching each of these kinds of linguistic awareness and their interrelationships need to be disseminated to
educational practitioners. 相似文献
52.
Novel theoretical frameworks place the symptom profile of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) within the context of dysfunctional emotional processes. It is suggested that fear and intolerance of emotions exacerbate subjective distress and motivate the use of maladaptive coping strategies, such as worry. To date, studies evaluating these models have suffered two key limitations. Firstly, few studies have involved treatment-seeking samples, and secondly, none have evaluated the unique variance attributable to emotion appraisal variables above and beyond previously established predictors of worry and GAD. The present study begins to address these limitations by assessing the contribution of fear and perceived uncontrollability of emotions in predicting worry and clinical GAD status after controlling for variance attributable to depressive symptoms, meta-cognitive beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty, and perceptions of external threat. Supporting current models, results showed that perceived control over emotional reactions was a unique predictor of GAD diagnostic status and both clinical and non-clinical worry. 相似文献
53.
This paper fills a gap in the literature by looking at influences on the well-being of the citizens of Russia and Ukraine
in the context of the triple shock – economic, political and social – that they experienced after 1991. The paper argues that
lived experience – how people evaluate their living conditions – is as significant an influence on the welfare of citizens
as are the actual conditions in which they live. The majority of the populations perceive the post-1991 economic and political
changes negatively, and levels of general satisfaction and happiness are comparatively low. The findings suggest that objective
economic factors, geographical/social location, health status and social context influence well-being, but also personal control
and satisfaction with material circumstances, with health having a greater influence on happiness, while material circumstances
and the evaluation of them have a greater influence on general satisfaction. The paper concludes by arguing for a model of
reciprocal causation in which material factors provide the partially determining context for actions and are themselves influenced
by happiness and satisfaction. 相似文献
54.
Abbott L. Ferriss 《Applied research in quality of life》2006,1(3-4):217-226
In this essay, I present examples of programs to reduce or alleviate poverty and promote economic development. Examples are
classified according to the program’s likely impact upon poverty. Examples include programs of the Appalachian Regional Commission,
the Delta Regional Authority, the research program of the University of Georgia entitled, “It’s a Matter of Wealth,” suggestions
made at a conference of the Georgia Rural Development Council, and interviews with professionals engaged in economic development.
There are, (1), direct approaches to benefiting the poor with: (a), immediate impact; and (b), long term and sustaining impact;
(2), indirect impact programs which include: (a), environmental improvements; (b), economic improvements; (c), social improvements;
and (3), ethical considerations. The classification shows that many programs for economic development have only indirect effect
upon poverty. A scheme of classification of poverty persons is needed. While the development of the infrastructure may impact
the general well-being of a region, the increase in income of low-income persons remains the essential solution. Longitudinal
studies of poverty families are suggested as means of evaluating approaches to reducing poverty. Programs affecting the poor
should adhere to ethical canons, such as: nonmalfeasance, autonomy, beneficence, fidelity, and justice.
Abbott L. Ferriss, Ph. D., is Professor of Sociology Emeritus, Emory University, e-mail: aferris@emory.edu. The study was
conducted under an Emory University Heilbrun Distinguished Emeritus Research Fellowship. 相似文献
55.
Tracy W. Harachi Charles B. Fleming Helene R. White Margaret E. Ensminger Robert D. Abbott Richard F. Catalano Kevin P. Haggerty 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(4):279-293
Using longitudinal data spanning early elementary through middle school, aggression behavior trajectory groups were identified for boys and girls. Early elementary school predictors of trajectory group membership were examined as well as whether trajectory group predicted physical aggression, covert delinquency, and substance use in 9th grade. Semiparametric group modeling identified aggression behavior trajectory groups. We identified four aggression trajectory groups for both genders described as “not involved,” “low,” “moderate,” and “high.” Attention problems, family conflict, and low school commitment and attachment were predictors of membership in higher aggression groups for both boys and girls. Low family involvement and low parental education predicted membership in higher aggression groups for boys; while depression, low‐income status, and having a single parent predicted higher aggression group membership for girls. For both boys and girls, few risk predictors distinguished between the moderate and high aggression trajectories except that low school commitment and having a teen mother were significant predictors of being in the high group for girls, and low parental education and income were significant predictors of being in the high group for boys. Membership in the higher aggression trajectory groups predicted involvement in violent behaviors, covert delinquency, and substance use in 9th grade. Findings suggest that children who display an early trajectory of high levels of aggressive behavior are more likely to continue involvement in later problem behaviors. Second‐grade predictors suggest commonality of risk across genders and provide evidence of modifiable targets for preventive interventions. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–15. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
56.
Effects of Communities That Care on Males’ and Females’ Drug Use and Delinquency 9 Years After Baseline in a Community-Randomized Trial
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57.
This article presents evidence that a relatively minor regularity in the morphophonemics of Turkish is psychologically real for speakers of that language. The experimental procedure used was to present subjects with nonsense words ending in [k] which they then had to use in a phonological environment that could be expected to condition a deletion of the final consonant in polysyllabic forms. Subjects performed according to expectation, retaining the final [k] in monosyllables and dropping it in polysyllables. 相似文献
58.
Abstract Elements of Human Psychology. By Howard C. Warren. N. Y., Houghton Mifflin Co., 1922, 416 p. Reviewed by Douglas Fryer Experimentelle Untersuchungen über das Gefühlsleben des Kindes im Vergleich mil dem des Erwachsenen.1 By Helga Eng, Kristiania. Leipzig, Barth, 1922. 258 p. The Practical Application of Psychology. By Claude Wm. Chamberlain. Sioux City, International Society of Applied Psychology, 1922. 225 p. Reviewed by Douglas Fryer 相似文献
59.
We investigated differences in self-concept between 360 only children and 555 sibling children in the sixth grade of three urban schools and three rural schools in the People's Republic of China. Peer perceptions and teacher perceptions were also collected using sociometric measures. Self-concept was determined by the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985). Comparisons of sibling children and only children showed no differences on self-concept; however, urban residents had higher self-concept scores than children from rural areas, and boys scored higher than girls. No significant interaction effects between sibling status, gender, and residence were found. 相似文献
60.
This brief report attempts to resolve the claim that infants preferentially attend to continuous variables over number [e.g. Psychol. Sci. 10 (1999) 408; Cognit. Psychol.44 (2002) 33] with the finding that when continuous variables are controlled, infants as young as 6-months of age discriminate large numerical values [e.g. Psychol. Sci. 14 (2003) 396; Cognition 89 (2003) B15; Cognition 74 (2000) B1]. In two parallel experiments, we compare 6-month-old infants' ability to discriminate number and ignore continuous variables with their ability to form a representation of a cumulative surface area and ignore number. We find that infants discriminate a 2-fold change in number but fail to discriminate a 2-fold change in cumulative surface area. The results point to a more complicated relationship between discrete and continuous dimensions than implied by previous literature. 相似文献